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Parish Church of St Nicholas - Zabytek.pl

Parish Church of St Nicholas


church 12th/13th c. Wysocice

Address
Wysocice, 58

Location
woj. małopolskie, pow. miechowski, gm. Gołcza

The Parish Church of St Nicholas in Wysocice is one of the oldest and best preserved knight-founded, fortified Romanesque temples in Poland.

History

The castle-like temple was built at the turn of the 12th century, probably owing to the generosity of the Odrowąż family (with the participation of the later Bishop Iwon) who held the hamlets in the Dłubnia Valley from the mid-12th century. The first mention of a parish in Wysocice dates back to 1325. From 1335 to 1450, the site seated a deanery. Around 1565, the Wysocice estate was purchased by Jan Płaza of Mstyczów, who converted the temple into a Protestant church and stripped it of its Roman Catholic equipment. The newly renovated church was regained by the Roman Catholics after 1613, i.e. acquisition by Elżbieta Wołłowiczowa. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, only minor architectural alterations were made to the building. From the south, a brick porch was added by the main entrance and a sacristy from the south. The chancel vault was redesigned and the roofs upgraded. in the 18th century, a Baroque tower helmet was added along with a spirelet for the ave bell.   

Description

The Parish Church of St Nicholas in Wysocice sits on the west edge of the village, on a flat hill, on the west bank of the Dłubnia River, surrounded by old trees and a stone wall.

It was erected in the Romanesque style of dimension limestone. The temple is an orientated, single-nave church with the chancel and a semicircular apse, a rectangular body and a square tower not accessible from the outside.  The chancel has a barrel vault from the 18th century; the nave has a standard ceiling. The rood arcade is semicircular and supported on Romanesque supports with leafy motifs. Some of the original architectural details are the semi-circular windows, the south portal with a tympanum enclosed in a trefoil with the relief of Christ Enthroned, the Nativity scene and two adoring figures (bishops or founders) from the early 13th century. The massive church tower is divided into five levels, with a treasury on the ground level and a cross-vaulted founder’s gallery on the first one. The gallery bends semi-circularly towards the nave and opens towards it with three small windows. The entrance to the gallery leads through a narrow staircase in the north wall. The upper, defensive floor of the tower has holes in the form of embrasures or observation windows. The top level features pilaster-divided biforas with cushion-cap capitals. The Baroque tower helmet and the ave bell spirelet go back to the 18th century. The eastern chancel wall, above the apse, features a 13th-century sandstone statue of the Virgin and Child Enthroned enclosed in a diamond-shaped frame. The oldest piece of church equipment is a late Gothic pulpit from ca. 1500. The remaining items come from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, including the Baroque stucco altar from the end of the 17th century with the worshipped painting of Our Lady of Częstochowa (in King Władysław’s crown) from the mid 17th century. The Mannerist side altar from ca. 1600 comes from the studio of a Kraków-based artist, just like the painting of The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne.

The church can be viewed from the outside. Church tours only before and after services.

Author of the note Tomasz Woźniak, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Kraków 01/08/2014

Bibliography

  • Bogdanowski J., Sztuka obronna, Kraków 1993.
  • Dyba O., Majka M., Zabytki architektury i budownictwa w Polsce, vol. 18, part 2, Województwo krakowskie, Warszawa 1995
  • Kornecki M., Sztuka Sakralna, Kraków 1993
  • Krasnowolski B., Leksykon zabytków architektury Małopolski, Warszawa 2013
  • Sztuka przedromańska i romańska w Polsce do schyłku XIII w., vol. 1-2, ed. M. Walickiego, Warszawa 1971
  • Świechowski Z., Katalog architektury romańskiej w Polsce, Warsaw 2009.
  • Świechowski Z., Sztuka polska, vol. I, Romanizm, Warszawa  2006
  • Tomaszewski A., Romańskie kościoły z emporami zachodnimi na obszarze Polski, Czech i Węgier, Wrocław 1974

Category: church

Architecture: nieznana

Building material:  brick

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_12_BK.188984, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_12_BK.409604