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Fortified manor house - Zabytek.pl

Fortified manor house


manor house 1530-1550 Szymbark

Address
Szymbark

Location
woj. małopolskie, pow. gorlicki, gm. Gorlice

This manor house is one of the most interesting and valuable Renaissance defensive and residential buildings in Poland.

Besides with significant architectural values, it also benefits from the picturesque surroundings. The house is one of the best-preserved defensive manors whose form reminds of similar castle buildings erected in the 16th and the 1st half In the 17th century in Spiš and Hungary (e.g. Frydman from around 1600 or Betlenowce from the 17th century). It is also suggested that the building takes after the 15th-century Italian villa style or the 14th and 15th-century Italian strongholds with four corner defensive towers (castello delle quattro terra).

History

The hamlet of Szymbark was probably established in the 13th century. From 1359 to 1755, the village belonged to the Gładysz family, owners of an extensive economic dominion on the Ropa River with its centre in Szymbark. In the years 1530-1550, the Gładysz family built a late Gothic defensive castellum in the village, later, between 1585 and 1590, transformed into a Renaissance residence. At the beginning of the 17th century, an attic was added, and the walls were reinforced with buttresses. In 1657 the manor house was destroyed by the army led by Prince of Transylvania Francis Rákóczi. In the second half of In the 18th century, the Szymbark village and the manor house belonged to the Siedlecki family. They attempted to rebuild the building, but their plans failed. In the early 19th century, a wooden house was built in the vicinity of the castellum, occupied by the successive owners of the village; the unused and dilapidated castle served as a distillery and warehouse in the mid-19th century. In 1945 the Szymbark estate was parcelled out and the castellum was seized by the State Treasury. In the years 1949-1958, some preservation works took place in the ruined building aimed to secure the complex. For example, a stone retaining wall was built; the buttresses and internal partitions of the 17th century were removed; the interiors were cleared of debris; the roof truss was replaced; the roof was covered with galvanised sheet metal; and the wooden house and part of the farm buildings were demolished. At the end of the 1970s, the castellum with the surrounding land were handed over to the Regional Museum in Nowy Sącz. The renovation and conservation works that followed lasted from 1973 to 1987. Among other work, the body of the building was recreated along with the façade decoration, the Renaissance layout of the interior was restored together with the stairs, the window and door stonework was conserved, the attic was reconstructed, and a central heating was installed. For financial reasons, the renovation of the monument ultimately closed in the years 2007-2010 thanks to EU funds and sponsorship of the Małopolskie Voivodeship administration. The complex, also including the former stable adapted for exhibition purposes and a wooden bourgeois manor house from the 1920s relocated to Szymbark from Gorlice in 1974, is now the local branch of the Karwacjan and Gładysz Manor Houses Museum in Gorlice.

Description

The castellum is situated in the central part of the village, on the south side of the road connecting Nowy Sącz and Gorlice. It sits on a high slope above the Ropa River, in the vicinity of the Pogórze Open-Air Village Museum. The multi-storey, plastered building is built of quarry stone; it has a basement and a basin roof. It was built on a rectangular plan with four square alcoves in the corners and high-hanging bay windows. The façades are crowned with magnificent attics with arcaded friezes enriched with sgraffito ornamental decoration and profiled pinnacles. The interior has been partially transformed. The underground level has two large, barrel-vaulted cellars. On the ground floor, there are two small, vaulted rooms with lunettes and separated by a hall; on the first floor, there are a large ceremonial chamber. The alcoves feature a fireplace and a stove, traces of Baroque wall paintings from the early 18th century and Renaissance portals. Currently, the castellum houses a museum and a conference and exhibition venue. It promotes the cultural and tourist attractions of Małopolska and showcase the multicultural traditions of the Gorlice region.

The site is accessible to the general public. Inside during the opening hours of the museum and the convention centre.

Author of the note Tadeusz Śledzikowski, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Kraków 22-09-2014

Bibliography

  • Dayczak-Domanasiewicz M., Uwagi o architekturze neorenesansowych dworów w Jeżowie i Szymbarku, [in:] Architektura rezydencjonalna i obronna województwa rzeszowskiego, Łańcut 1972.
  • Krasnowolski B., Leksykon zabytków architektury Małopolski, Warszawa 2013, pp. 269-270.
  • Łuszczkiewicz W., Komunikat o Szymbarku, [in:] Sprawozdania Komisji Historii Sztuki, vol. IV, 1981, p. 312.
  • Sinko-Popielowa K., Świszczowski S., Dwór obronny w Szymbarku, [in:] Biuletyn Historii Sztuki i Kultury, vol. VI, 1938.
  • Tomkowicz S., Inwentaryzacja zabytków Galicji Zachodniej. Powiat gorlicki, [in:] Teka Grona Konserwatorów Galicji Zachodniej, vol. 1, Kraków 1900, pp. 167-319.

Category: manor house

Architecture: Renaissance

Building material:  stone

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_12_BK.192894, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_12_BK.360203