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Lighthouse, currently the Stefan Żeromski Lighthouse and the Lighthouse Museum - Zabytek.pl

Lighthouse, currently the Stefan Żeromski Lighthouse and the Lighthouse Museum


Rozewie

Address
Rozewie, Leona Wzorka 1

Location
woj. pomorskie, pow. pucki, gm. Władysławowo - obszar wiejski

The lighthouse is the oldest operating building of that kind in Poland and has the largest nominal range.

It is located on the edge of a high sea cliff and is perfectly exposed. Together with another lighthouse, erected in its vicinity in 1875, it forms a unique complex of two lighthouses, operating simultaneously in 1875-1910. The lighthouse and the accompanying buildings present the stages of the development of the lighthouse art from the early 19th century until the present day, including the everyday life of lighthouse keepers. Writer S. Żeromski and lighthouse keeper and patriot L. Wzorek are connected with the building. Rich history and great strategic value of the lighthouse translate into its high emotional value as a symbol of the relationship between Poland and the sea.

History

Cape Rozewie has been an important navigation site already since Middle Ages. The lighthouse located there was marked already on a map from 1648. The construction of the present lighthouse was commenced probably in the early 19th century and finished in 1821-1822. Initially, oil lamps functioned as the source of light of the lighthouse, and since 1822, Argand lamps were used. In 1866, a 1st class Fresnel lens with oil lamps was installed. In 1877, oil lamps were replaced with paraffin lamps. The lighthouse was operated by 2 lighthouse keepers and a helper. In 1875, another lighthouse was built in its vicinity in order to emit two lights that could distinguish the lighthouse in Rozewie from the lighthouses in Czołpin and Hel. Both lighthouses used to emit fixed light. They were operated by 5 lighthouse keepers who were given service accommodation and allotments of land on the spot. In 1910, the older lighthouse was extended upwards and modernised. The building was equipped with a Fresnel lens and a 1000-watt light bulb. It emitted flashing light. Next to the lantern, a machine room, with a traction engine that generated electricity, and a siren room, with foghorns that would give fog signals, were built. Due to the modernisation, the older lighthouse gained a unique light characteristics, and therefore the newer lighthouse was taken out of service. In 1920-1930, the position of the lighthouse keeper in Rozewie was held by Leon Wzorek who, as a consequence of his patriotic conduct and refusal to leave his post, was executed by the Nazis. In 1935, the lighthouse in Rozewie was named after Stefan Żeromski, which commemorated the relationship between the writer’s work and the Polish coast and see. In 1938, the “Żeromski’s Room”, and in 1961, an exposition dedicated to the writer were opened in the lighthouse (in relation to the legend according to which Żeromski wrote his novel “Wind from the Sea” in Rozewie; however, it is certain that the writer did not stay here for a longer period of time). There has been a lighthouse museum in the lighthouse and in the accompanying buildings since 1963. In 1978, the lighthouse was once again extended upwards and modernised. It continues to be used to this day. It emits white, flashing light, with a range of 23 NM.

Description

The Lighthouse of S. Żeromski is located on the edge of a cliff of Cape Rozewie. It is accompanied by technical buildings: a machine room (from 1910) and a siren room, as well as residential and utility buildings for lighthouse keepers: 2 houses, 2 utility buildings and a smokehouse and bakery (probably from the 4th quarter of the 19th century). Within the area of the lighthouse, there is also a memorial of S. Żeromski (made by S. Horno-Popławski) and a memorial of the marriage between the Republic of Poland and the sea. 190 metres to the west, there is another lighthouse (from the 1875). The Lighthouse of S. Żeromski was built on a circular plan, in the form of a three-section tower. The four-storey, plastered lower section of the tower, which narrows upwards, (from 1822) was made of field stone. The middle section (extension from 1910) is made of steel tubes. It has two storeys and narrows upwards. The upper section (from 1978) has three storeys and the form of a steel cylinder. On the top of the tower, there is a glazed steel lantern room, covered with a cone-shaped roof. At the intersection of particular sections of the tower and the lantern room there are small narrow galleries running around the building. In the stone section of the tower, there is one round and some rectangular window openings, and in the steel sections, there are small round windows.

The monument is open to visitors. Viewing of the monument is only possible in May, June, and September from 10 a.m. to 2.00 p.m. and from 3.00 p.m. to 6.00 p.m, and in July and August from 10.00 a.m. to 7.00 p.m.

compiled by Beata Dygulska, Regional Branch of the National Heritage Board of Poland in Gdańsk, 25-05-2015.

Bibliography

  • Czerner M., Latarnie morskie polskiego wybrzeża, wyd. 2, Poznań 1971, s. 88-98;
  • Katalog Zabytków Sztuki w Polsce, t. V: Województwo gdańskie, z. 2: Puck, Żarnowiec i okolice, oprac. T. Chrzanowski, M. Kornecki, B. Rol, I. Strzelecka, Warszawa1989, s.49-50;
  • Komorowski A. F., Pietkiewicz I., Szulczewski A., Najstarsze latarnie morskie Zatoki Gdańskiej, Gdańsk 2009, s. 45-59;

Category: 

Architecture: styleless

Building material:  stone

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_22_BL.11822, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_22_BL.48294