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Bazar - Zabytek.pl

Bazar


public building Poznań

Address
Poznań, Ignacego Paderewskiego 8

Location
woj. wielkopolskie, pow. Poznań, gm. Poznań

The magnificent, Neoclassical Bazar building was erected in the first half of the 19th century at the initiative of Karol Marcinkowski.

In the beginning of the 20th century, a neo-Baroque wing was added to it from the west, according to a design by Roger Sławski. Façades of the building are characterised by clear inspirations derived from palace architecture. In the period of partitions, Bazar was the largest Polish public building in Poznań, in which, apart from the hotel, many social, economic, and scientific organisations had their seat.

The historical building is located in the area designated as a monument of history (“Poznań - the historical urban complex” - Regulation of the President of the Republic of Poland of 28-11-2008).

History

On 26 June 1838, at the initiative of Karol Marcińkowski, a joint-stock company “Bazar” was created in Poznań with an aim of the construction of a hotel and commercial building based on the Polish capital. The funds originated, among other things, from the foundation of Maciej Mielżyński and from the sales of shares.

Initially, the design was to be prepared by Antoni Krzyżanowski, but ultimately it was entrusted to Ernest Steudener. The construction was commenced in the summer of 1839. The building was erected on the plot on the side of the present I. J. Paderewskiego Street. It was adjoined to an existing building on the side of the current K. Marcinkowskiego Avenue, purchased along with land from counts Łącki. In the end of 1841, the hotel section was ready, and the official commissioning took place in February 1843. The neo-Classical building accommodated: restaurant, patisserie, café, wine house, ball and meeting room, 19 shops, and 70 hotel rooms. The most splendid rooms included the first Ball Room, called White Room.

In the 1880s, there was an urgent need to extend the hotel and to modernise its interiors. A conversion of the eastern section - the former residence of the Łącki family, was also planned at that time, which ultimately was not put into practice. The idea of conversion was revived in the late 19th century. In 1887, a contest was announced which ultimately was conducted in a closed form. Its participants included architects Ignacy Łukomski from Frankfurt and Roger Sławski. The contest board accepted the design presented by the latter. In 1899, the construction was commenced, managed by Stanisław Mieczkowski. The works were completed year later. The new, neo-Baroque building accommodated: commercial premises, hotel rooms on four storeys in the front, and a restaurant room and a new ball room in the back wing. The latter, currently called White Room, was the most magnificent room in the converted part of Bazar. Next to it, there was an equally splendid hotel hall designed by Stanisław Mieczkowski in 1910.

An important event in the history of the Bazar hotel was the visit of Ignacy Jan Paderewski on 26 December 1918. From a window of an apartment on the first floor (directly over the main portal), Paderewski delivered a speech to the Poznań citizens gathered on the current Wolności Square, which encouraged patriotic feeling and contributed to the outbreak of the Greater Poland Uprising (1918-1919).

The Bazar building was severely damaged during the battle of Poznań in January and February 1945. In the years 1946-1948, it was partially reconstructed. As a result, the façade from K. Marcinkowskiego Street was lowered by the top storey and stripped of the original decoration.

In 1989, the Bazar building was recovered by the heirs of its pre-war owners, who established joint stock-company “Bazar Poznański” and undertook to restore its pre-war appearance as well as part of its functions.

Description

The building is located in the Old Town of Poznań, in the quarter positioned between the I. J. Paderewskiego, Wrocławska, Podgórna Streets, and K. Marcinkowskiego Avenue. Its front (northern) façade faces I. J. Paderewskiego Street, while the western façade - K. Marcinkowskiego Avenue.

The building is comprised of two parts which came into being at a different time and differ also in architectural style. In the years 1839-1842, the neo-Classical building on the side of I. J. Paderewskiego Street was erected on a floor plan shaped as an elongated rectangle. Its body, made of brick and plastered, is cuboidal, four-storey in the central part, and flanked with towers erected on a square floor plan - the tower on the east has six storeys, and the tower on the west - five. The dominant element of the twenty-three-axis, rusticated northern front façade is a seven-axis false avant-corps with a portal on the axis ending with a semi-circular top section, articulated with eight fluted Corinthian pilasters in the giant order, and topped with a triangular pediment which is complemented by a shallow avant-corps in the southern façade. The body is covered with gable roofs, and towers - with hip roofs clad with sheet metal.

In the years 1899-1900, the western part of Bazar from the present Wolności Square was converted in accordance with a design by Roger Sławski. In the place of an earlier, modernised two-storey house of counts Łącki, a sumptuous building was erected on a floor plan resembling inverted “L”, with a five-storey body, made of brick, plastered, covered by a three-sloped roof clad with copper sheet metal, with a splendid neo-Baroque western front façade. Over a high, rusticated plinth covering the ground floor housing shops and the first floor of the hotel section, there are three storeys articulated with high composite pilasters supporting a cornice, on which there are vases corresponding to the pilasters, and in the corners - gables characterised by Baroque forms with painted cartouches depicting allegories of Industry and Agriculture. On the axis of the ground floor, there is a door opening with semi-circular top section, flanked by a pair of columns and pilasters supporting a cornice topped with vases resting on horizontal volutes. On the first floor, there is another element complementing it - a window opening with semi-circular top section and decorative surround. Decorative surrounds are also present in the wider window openings of the extreme axes on the second and the third floor. Partitions and decoration of the narrower, three-axis northern façade are analogical. On the corner of the first floor, there is a cartouche.

The most spectacular room of the new, restored building is the Ball Room called White Room, located on the first floor of the back wing and featuring lavish, neo-Baroque decoration of walls with architectural partitions.

The historic building is partially available for visitors - shops and the restaurant. The hotel part is currently undergoing renovation and conservation works; the Ball Room is available for rent for the purposes of formal events. More information can be found at www.bazarpoznanski.pl (access date: 5-11-2014).

compiled by Anna Dyszkant, Regional Branch of the National Heritage Board of Poland in Poznań, 5-11-2014.

Bibliography

  • Atlas architektury Poznania, Poznań 2008, s. 188, 228.
  • Ostrowska-Kębłowska Z, Architektura i budownictwo Poznania 1780-1880, Poznań 2009, s. 331-336.
  • „Kronika Miasta Poznania” 2008, nr 2, (w szczególności: Pałat Z., Historia budowy Bazaru, s. 63-104).

Category: public building

Architecture: nieznana

Building material:  brick

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_30_BK.168282, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_30_BK.112848