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Palace and park complex - Zabytek.pl

Palace and park complex


palace 18th c. Osiek

Address
Osiek, Zamkowa 4

Location
woj. małopolskie, pow. oświęcimski, gm. Osiek

The park, palace and grange complex has a significant historical, architectural, and landscape value.

A particularly valuable and unique property in the complex is the palace featuring architectural and decorative elements alluding to the Moorish style.

History

The village of Osiek was founded in the 13th or in the early 14th century. Originally, it belonged to the Duchy of Oświęcim. In the second half of the 15th century, it became a royal and from the beginning of the 16th century a private property. The Osiek estate was owned, but not only, by the families of Bethman-Zeifert, Bonar, Porębski, Szembek, Branicki. In the 18th century, the Szembek family (or the Branicki family) erected a late Baroque palace. In 1784 Karol Larisch purchased the well-prospering estate from Franciszek Branicki and managed it very efficiently later on. In the second half of the 18th century, Osiek was one of the most prosperous estates in the area of Oświęcim. In the years 1835-1839, according to the design by the Italian architect Franz Maria Lanci, Larisch’s palace was thoroughly remodelled with the use of architectural and decorative elements characteristic of the Moorish style. Around 1837 two neo-Gothic residential outbuildings were erected, Castellum and Gardens (possibly of Lanci’s design as well). In the third quarter of the 19th century, the Osiek estate was inherited by Adela Dunin-Borkowska. From then on, the condition of the property began to decline. In 1885 the devastated estate was purchased by Oskar Rudziński. He quickly made the property prosper again in all areas under his management. He employed modern farming methods and was one of the first landowners to introduce efficient water management. He was an excellent breeder and set up artificial pastures. But his greatest success was fish farming, for example, he managed to breed a special variety of carp, the so-called Osiecki. He set up several industrial facilities in the village, including a brickyard, watermill, sawmill, vodka factory, and brewery. Rudziński’s palace was a popular destination among some outstanding figures of the time. Rudziński hosted, among others, Józef Piłsudski, President Ignacy Mościcki, and the painter Julian Fałat. Rudziński’s business projects were successfully continued by his heirs after his death in 1919 and until the outbreak of WW2. In 1945 the property was nationalised, and in 1959 the National Centre for Pedigree Breeding was set up in the property (a private company today). In 2009 Maciej Rudziński regained the ownership of the palace and residential outbuildings. In 2011 he sold the estate to Ryszard Szajter, a hospitality entrepreneur.

Description

The preserved palace, park and farm complex is located in the west part of the village (the so-called Osiek Dolny). The park originally covered an area of approximately 12 ha. The park’s layout has been partially distorted but remains legible. From the original growing stock, ancient linden trees, oaks, single plane trees, and tulip trees have survived and have reached monumental sizes. The palace and the residential outbuildings, Castellum and Gardens, are situated in the park. To the south, there is the former farm complex.  The palace is built of brick and plastered. It was built on a rectangular plan. It has two storeys, avant-corpses, a four-sided tower with an onion-shaped cupola on an octagonal lantern. The 18-axis façade is topped with an arcaded attic.  The window openings are closed with Moorish arches. The vestibule has a wooden staircase containing decorative elements. On the ground floor, there are two representative rooms with rich and colourful stucco decorations on the walls and ceilings, featuring typical Moorish style motifs. One of the rooms has a dome with a lantern. The transom windows above passages between the rooms have the shape of Moorish arches and openwork decorations with tracery motifs. The Castellum outbuilding is made of brick and plastered. It has a plan close to the letter “L” and two levels. It has a polygonal avant-corpse and a three-level tower in the corner. The tower boasts window openings closed with pointed arches. The Gardens outbuilding is also made of brick and has a polygonal plan. It is partially a one-storey and two-storey structure with a four-sided tower. The tower façades have balconies with decorative balustrades. The balcony windows have ogee dripstones enlivened with froglets and flowers. The arches planes have rosettes with heraldic shields and a tracery frieze above them. The entrance to the hall boasts a stone, neo-Gothic portal with tracery.

Limited access to the historical buildings. Private property - accessible only from outside.

Author of the note Tadeusz Śledzikowski, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Kraków 27/10/2014

Bibliography

  • Katalog zabytków sztukiPolsce, vol. 1: Województwo krakowskie, no. 14: Powiat wadowicki, oprac. J. Szablowski, Warszawa 1953, p. 23.
  • Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, vol. VII, Warszawa 1886, p. 630.
  • Bartczakowa A., Franciszek Maria Lanci 1799-1875, Warszawa 1954.
  • Chrzanowski T., Kornecki M., Sztuka Ziemi Krakowskiej, Kraków 1982, pp. 578 and 584.
  • Śledzikowski T., Zespół pałacowo-parkowo-folwarczny w Osieku koło Oświęcimia, [in:] Teki Krakowskie III, Kraków 1996, pp. 151-164.
  • Zinkow J., Oświęcim i okolice, Oświęcim 1994, pp. 222-227.

Category: palace

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_12_ZE.75376, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_12_ZE.30025