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Palace and park complex - Zabytek.pl

Palace and park complex


palace 2nd half of the 17th c. Młoszowa

Address
Młoszowa, Florkiewicza 1

Location
woj. małopolskie, pow. chrzanowski, gm. Trzebinia - obszar wiejski

This romantic palace and park complex was designed on the basis of a fictional story of the Florkiewicz family.

The complex is considered one of the most interesting examples of mystification in Polish art in the 19th century. The structures that make up the complex have considerable architectural and aesthetic values, and the park is known for its great landscape value.

History

First references to Młoszowa come from the 14th century. Until the end of the 18th century, the village was held by the Młoszowski family. Probably at the end of the 16th century, they built a manor house and a grange here. In 1802 the successive owners, the Wielopolski family, sold the house, along with the Ozdoba coat of arms and a noble title, to a lawyer from Kęty, Kajetan Florkiewicz. In 1809 Florkiewicz altered the house and, before 1839, he built several new buildings (including the so-called “clock” outbuilding and “armoury” pavilion). His son Juliusz continued the alteration and extension of the complex in the second half of the 19th century. An extensive, magnificent and romantic palace and park complex was created. The complex expansion project was intended to lend credence to a fictional story of the noble origin of the Florkiewicz family and, as a result, create a legend confirming the turbulent and “ancient” past of this locality. To implement this project, information about the history and legends of Młoszowa were used. Florkiewicz’s fantasy was to materialise through brick and limestone structures, numerous sculptures, epitaphs embedded in the walls of buildings, and the names given to different parts of the park. In the years 1859-1869, the foundations of the manor house were used to erect a magnificent neo-Gothic palace with a chapel. Across the premises, a number of towers were built: Florkiewicz Tower, Swedish Tower, Dorotka Tower, Peacock’ Foot, Cossack Tower and Hajduk’s Pan, and gates: Royal Gate, St Florian Gate, Resident Gate and Senator Gate. A dozen stone sculptures and statues were installed along the park alleys, including a statue of Sviatovid, allegedly unearthed in this place. Some of the sculptures (including the equestrian statue of John III Sobieski, lions on the bridge and the statue of St Florian) were made by Franciszek Wyspiański, Stanisław’s father. Moreover, to authenticate Młoszowa as a scene of a past military battle, a mock grave of Swedish soldiers was also built - they had never fought there. The so-called Belweder Bastion was built along the wall to serve as a viewpoint. In 1896 Juliusz Potocki became the owner of the property through family affinities. In 1898 he thoroughly remodelled and expanded the palace according to the design by the Kraków architect Zygmunt Hendel. The designer gave the palace the form of the French Renaissance from the turn of the 16th century, known as the style of Henry IV. It was a very fashionable style of residential buildings at the time. The surroundings of the palace were also partially transformed. In 1910 the property was purchased by Sylwana Steelworks from Katowice. The last owner of the property was Jan Szembek (1912). He did not carry out any major renovation and construction works in the complex. In 1945 the property was taken over by the state. In the second half of the 20th century, the palace buildings were used for housing and school purposes. In 1998 the place was handed over to the University of Economics in Katowice. The university planned to create its extramural branch in Młoszowa. This plan never came to fruition. Mining damage caused by the operation of the nearby Siersza coal mine led to the collapse of the Royal Gate and a large section of the wall surrounding the park; also, the underground water system in the complex was also disturbed. Compensation obtained from the mining damage fund permitted comprehensive renovation and conservation in the last quarter of the 20th century, which saved the complex from decline. Today, the historical buildings in the complex are not in use. The entire complex is going to be taken over by Trzebinia Commune. The authorities plan to open a multi-functional Centre for Art and Business - the Romantic Castle in Młoszowa.

Description

The palace and park complex is located in the central-east part of Młoszowa, on the north side of the road to Trzebinia. The complex shaped like an irregular polygon occupies an area of a varied configuration, on an elevation, surrounded by mock fortifications. The Trumpet Tower, Belweder Bastion and St Florian Gate are aligned with the wall, the latter serving as the main entrance to the complex. Near the gate, there is a building called “armoury.” In the central part of the complex, there is a palace adjoining the Royal Gate and opening up the entrance to the park. In its vicinity, there is the Florkiewicz Tower and the “clock” outbuilding to the south. In front of the palace, there are remains of a pond, with a stone footbridge decorated with statues of lions. In the north-west and south-east parts of the complex, there are school and utility buildings and a sports pitch from the second half of the 20th century. The entire east and south part of the complex is a picturesque landscape park of over 7 ha, with a legible web of alleys and paths and numerous, monumental trees. The park boasts a dozen stone sculptures (including the figure of St Florian, Sviatovid, Madonna), the “grave” of Swedish soldiers, as well as several small garden furniture (including stone benches, remains of a gazebo).

Access to the site is limited. The entire park is accessible to visitors; historical buildings can only be viewed from the outside.

Author of the note Tadeusz Śledzikowski, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Kraków 03/11/2014

Bibliography

  • Katalog zabytków sztukiPolsce, vol. 1: Województwo krakowskie, oprac. Szablowski J., Warszawa 1953, pp. 116-117.
  • Janeczek Z., Pałac w Młoszowej, Katowice 2000.
  • Krasnowolski B, Leksykon zabytków architektury Małopolski, Warszawa 2013, pp. 198-199.
  • Orłowski S., Zespół pałacowo-parkowy na tle dziejów Młoszowej, Trzebinia 2003.
  • Karty ewidencyjne, Młoszowa. Zespół pałacowo-parkowy, Pałac, Kaplica pałacowa, Oficyna „zegarowa”, Brama Królewska, Baszta Florkiewiczów, brama św. Floriana, „arsenał”, wieża „trembacka”, oprac. Anna Fabiańczyk, Bogusław Małusecki, Kraków 2004, Archiwum Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Ochrony Zabytków w Krakowie.
  • Gancarz B., Smok wawelski jadał tu śniadania [in:] Gość Krakowski no. 38/2014, www.gość.pl

Category: palace

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_12_ZE.57544, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_12_ZE.30660