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Castle, permanent ruin - Zabytek.pl

Castle, permanent ruin


castle 2nd quarter of the 14th c. Lanckorona

Address
Lanckorona

Location
woj. małopolskie, pow. wadowicki, gm. Lanckorona

A property of significant historical, architectural and landscape values of supra-regional significance.

The monument is located within the area of inscription of the pilgrimage complex in Kalwaria Zebrzydowska on the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List.

History of the site

Lanckorona castle was erected by King Casimir the Great in the 2nd quarter of the 14th century. The town evolved from a bailey set up under a castle. It was incorporated under Magdeburg Law after the royal privileges of 1361 and 1366. Lanckorona and the surrounding areas were the royal property. Until the First Partition of Poland in 1772, the stronghold had been the seat of the starost office. The starosts were, among others, the members of the families of Lanckoroński, Wolski, Zebrzydowski, and Wielopolski. In 1655, during the Polish-Swedish War, the Swedes held the castle for eight months. After their departure, the starost Michał Zebrzydowski fortified the building by erecting a stone tower and other buildings. In the years 1768-1772, the castle was occupied by the Bar Confederates. They surrounded it by bastion-like earth ramparts designed by French engineers. After the First Partition of Poland in 1772, destroyed by warfare and abandoned, the building quickly fell into ruin. In the 1960s the site was a mound of earth and rubble covered with wild greenery.  From 1963 to 1975, on the initiative of the Society of Friends of Lanckorona and under the supervision of the Regional Conservator of Monuments in Kraków, research and conservation works were carried out on the remains of the castle (Teresa Holcerowa and Janusz Smólski with a team of archaeologists from the Monument Conservation Office in Kraków). During the works, large fragments of the walls were unearthed, and many stonework items were also extracted. The exposure and study of the complex confirmed the reconstructed appearance of the building as it was depicted in the 17th and 18th century iconography.

Site description

The ruins of the castle sit on the top of Lanckorońska Góra (552 m a.s.l.), about 600 m north-west of the main market square in Lanckorona. The Gothic castle was built of stone. It was erected on a regular, symmetrical plan, unlike many other mountain strongholds. From the south, it had two corner, high, four-sided towers connected by a curtain wall, adjoined by three residential and utility wings surrounding the inner courtyard. The complex was accessed by a gate situated to the east. Before the gate, there was a wooden bridge over a dry moat, supported on high pillars. The castle complex was surrounded by a double wooden fence filled with earth. As a result of the conservation works, the original plan of the castle was exposed. Currently, visitors can view two vaulted, four-sided south towers connected by a wall, fragments of the entrance gate, fragments of the walls of the residential section, pieces of Confederate fortifications and a moat.

The site is accessible to the general public. The castle can be accessed via the blue tourist trail from the market place in Lanckorona.

Author of the note Tadeusz Śledzikowski, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Kraków 09-10-2014

Bibliography

  • Katalog zabytków sztukiPolsce, vol. 1: Województwo krakowskie, no. 14: Powiat wadowicki, oprac. J. Szablowski, Warszawa 1953, p. 32.
  • Bogdanowski J.,Krajobraz kulturowy Polski. Województwo małopolskie, ed. Kraków-Warszawa 2001, pp. 155-157.
  • Kajzer L., Kołodziejski S., Salm J., Leksykon zamków w Polsce, Warszawa 2001, p. 261.
  • Kornecki M., Lanckorona, [in:] Zin W. (ed.),  Zabytki urbanistyki i architektury w Polsce. Odbudowa i konserwacja, vol. 1, Miasta historyczne, Warszawa 1986, pp. 263-274.
  • Krasnowolski B., Leksykon zabytków architektury Małopolski, Warszawa 2013, p. 180.
  • Zinkow J., Wokół Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej i Lanckorony, Kalwaria Zebrzydowska 2000, pp. 76-94.
  • Lanckorona. Zamek. Dokumentacja historyczna, oprac. T.Holcerowa, Kraków 1971, Archiwum Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Ochrony Zabytków w Krakowie.

Objects data updated by Jarosław Bochyński (JB).

Category: castle

Architecture: nieznana

Building material:  stone

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_12_BK.421382, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_12_BK.373284