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Jewish cemetery - Zabytek.pl

Address
Jasło, Floriańska 94

Location
woj. podkarpackie, pow. jasielski, gm. Jasło (gm. miejska)

First Jews most likely started to appear in Jasło as early as the mid-13th century.This assumption is supported by the fact that in 1262 Duke Bolesław the Chaste granted the settlement a court and tax privilege which included a clause banning Jewish people from residing there.

Jasło was chartered in 1365, with Jews probably granted the right to settle in the newly founded town. However, Jewish settlement in Jasło did not have a chance for dynamic development. For fear of growing competition in trade and crafts, the townsmen strove to limit the access of Jews to the local economy. In 1589, the town received the de non tolerandis Judaeis privilege, confirmed in 1619. The ban on Jewish settlement in Jasło formally remained in force throughout the 17th and the 18th centuries, though it is known that several Jewish families settled in the town as early as the mid-18th century. In the early 19th century, one Jewish family was granted permission to move to Jasło and run an inn. In 1820, Emperor Franz I allowed two ”trustworthy” families – Steinhaus and Welfeld – to settle in the town.

The ban on Jewish settlement was officially abolished in 1867. As a result, the size of the Jewish population started to dynamically grow. The community erected a synagogue with a mikveh and a cheder. In 1880, 433 Jews lived in the town, and in 1900 – as many as 1,524. The Jewish residents of Jasło initially belonged to the religious community in Żmigród. They established an independent kehilla in 1891.

The 19th century also saw the establishment of a Jewish cemetery in the town. It was located on a plot of land on the border of Jasło and Sobniów, in today’s Floriańska Street.

During World War I, War Cemetery no. 24 was established at the site. It was the burial place of Jewish soldiers fighting in the Austro-Hungarian and Russian armies and killed near Jasło.

The cemetery was largely devastated during World War II. On 11 September 1942, it was the site of an execution of ca. 200 Jews from Jasło. Their mass graves have never been marked.

After the war, a memorial to the victims of the Holocaust was erected in the central part of the necropolis. In the 1950s, the cemetery area was divided into two plots. The part holding newer tombstones was incorporated into the grounds of the District Animal Treatment Board (Polish: Powiatowy Zarząd Leczenia Zwierząt). A pasture and a vegetable garden were arranged there. The remaining part, with an area of ca. 0.33 hectare, holds nearly 100 matzevot. Many are overturned and covered with turf, their inscriptions are largely illegible. The cemetery is surrounded with an incomplete wall with a locked gate. The main alley runs straight from the entrance gate. The visible layout of the tombstones shows that the graves placed alongside the alley are arranged in neat rows, while in other parts of the cemetery they are more scattered and irregular.

In 2008, the ”Antyschematy 2” Foundation from Tarnów launched an initiative to clean up the cemetery in Jasło. The area was tidied up by students from the Special School and Educational Centre in Jasło and from the Blessed Stanisław Findysz the Martyr Secondary School in Nowy Żmigród (Polish: Gimnazjum im. Błogosławionego Stanisława Findysza Męczennika w Nowym Żmigrodzie). In August 2018 and 2019, Memorial Days were held in Jasło on the initiative of the aforementioned foundation to mark the anniversary of the deportation of Jews from the Jasło Ghetto to the Bełżec death camp. A commemorative ceremony was held at local the cemetery.

At the turn of 2020, seven skeletons were discovered in Floriańska Street during construction works on a section of the local provincial road. They were left in the ground following an intervention of the Rabbinical Commission, as they may be remains of people buried in the newer part of the Jewish necropolis, separated from the rest of the cemetery after the war.

Description copyright owner: POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews

Category: Jewish cemetery

Protection: Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_18_CM.94435