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The Rudomiczowska patrician tenement house, currently serving as the Zamość City Museum - Zabytek.pl

The Rudomiczowska patrician tenement house, currently serving as the Zamość City Museum


tenement house Zamość

Address
Zamość, Ormiańska 28

Location
woj. lubelskie, pow. Zamość, gm. Zamość

An outstanding example of patrician architecture of the 17th century, this house - one of the so-called Armenian tenement houses, is located in the part of the town which had originally been allocated to Armenian residents by the founder of the town itself - Jan Zamoyski.

Its front façade features Mannerist decorations of extraordinary artistic value. The defining features of the tenement house are its sculpted friezes and decorative window surrounds. Inside, the building features a mixture of original and reconstructed vaults and beamed ceilings.

History

The tenement house was erected back in 1645. During the 16th and 17th century, it remained in the hands of one Zachariasz, a man of Armenian descent followed by one Medardisz (Migerdisz). In years 1645-1672, the house was the property of Bazyli Rudomicz, a professor and rector of the Zamość Academy; later on, it belonged to the Ziembiński, Milczyński and Popławski families. From 1879 onwards it was in the hands of the Jewish Szper family, only to be acquired by the Walery family some time later. In 1989, the tenement house belongs to the Zamość Museum. Having most likely started its life as a single-storey building, it was subsequently extended upwards during the second half of the 18th century. After 1850, the decorative roof parapet was dismantled. The first serious attempt at restoration was made in 1937, under the supervision of T. Zaremba. In 1957, the roof cladding, window and joinery and exterior plasterwork were all subjected to renovation works. A thorough restoration which involved a full set of conservation works, conducted on the basis of the design prepared by A. Kadłuczko and M.B. Pawlicki, took place in the years 1979-1989 and included, among others, the restoration of the decorative roof parapet. The final renovation works, performed in 2007, involved the restoration of the decorative exterior plasterwork. Today, the building continues to serve as the Zamość City Museum.

Description

A patrician tenement house designed in the Late Renaissance style, located in the central part of the Old Town, forming part of the northern Great Market Square frontage. The local name of the tenement house was derived from Bazyli Rudomicz, the famous rector of the Zamość Academy, who owned the building at some point. The building is an oriented structure, its front (southern) façade facing the Great Market Square. Towards the east and the west, the building abuts the neighbouring tenement houses. It was designed on an elongated rectangular floor plan, with a triple arcade in the ground floor section. The ground floor follows a two-and-a-half-bay layout with a vestibule positioned along its longitudinal axis, while the first floor features a three-bay layout. An outbuilding adjoins the tenement house towards the north. The building is made of brick, its façades covered with plaster. It is a three-storey structure with a basement, covered with a gable roof concealed behind an elaborate, decorative roof parapet rising above the front façade. The roof is covered with copper sheets. The covered space behind the arcade features a groin vault, with barrel vaulting being used for the basements. Some of the basement barrel vaults are notable for their use of lunettes. The ground floor rooms feature groin vaults, with flat ceiling used for all other storeys. The windows and doors are made of wood. The ground floor section of the façade follows a three-axial layout, with a four-axial layout being used for the upper storeys. The front façade features a triple arcade on the ground floor level and a decorative roof parapet (attic) at the top. The ground floor section features an arcaded walkway with semi-circular arches interconnected by decorative keystones adorned with foliate motifs, with heavy, profiled cornices running directly above. The main entrance door in the front part of the building is positioned on the middle axis of the arcaded walkway and features a profiled sandstone surround with a transom light adorned by a separate surround, its design being identical to that of the door surround . The side axes of the ground floor feature rectangular windows with sandstone surrounds, supported by stone window sills. The first floor windows are framed with broad surrounds with a shallow profiling, supported by a string course below. Above the windows one can admire the massive, profiled cornices with an egg-and-dart motif on the lower strip. The second storey is separated from the first by a pronounced, sumptuously profiled cornice with a dentil motif. The second-floor windows are smaller than their first-floor counterparts and are framed with broad, rounded surrounds. Above the windows runs a mitered cornice above which there is a frieze, lavishly adorned with a triglyph and metope motif. Above the frieze there is another cornice which separates the plinth of the tall roof parapet above from the rest of the façade, adorned with pilasters and frames with egg-and-dart motif. The decorative roof parapet itself takes the form of a series of triangular pediments supported by pilasters, with the side sections consisting of obelisks connected by faux volutes. The pediments and obelisks are topped with decorative pinnacles. The rear façade is devoid of any architectural partitions or sculpted decorations, with the exception of a subtle, profiled cornice beneath the eaves. Both façades present a uniform, brownish-yellow colour scheme, with the ground floor arcade being painted white. Inside, the tenement house features a mixture of original and reconstructed vaulted ceilings; the wooden ceilings are all modern reconstructions. None of the original painted decorations and architectural detailing that had once graced the interiors have survived to the present times.

Limited access to the historic building. The interiors can be visited during the museum opening hours or upon prior arrangement.

compiled by Ewa Prusicka, Regional Branch of the National Heritage Board of Poland in Lublin, 12-11-2014.

Bibliography

  • Baranowska Z., Sygietyńska H., Kamienice rynku zamojskiego w XVII wieku, /in:/ Zamość i Zamojszczyzna w dziejach i kulturze polskiej, Zamość 1969.
  • Czterysta lat Zamościa, J. Kowalczyk (ed.), Wrocław-Łódź 1983
  • Fidecka U., Kamienice ormiańskie w Zamościu, Zamość 1989
  • Herbst S., Zamość, Warsaw 1954
  • Record sheet, The “Rudomiczowska” tenement house (...). Zamość, compiled by J. Serafinowicz, B. Seniuk, 1997, Archive of the Regional Office for the Protection of Historical Monuments in Lublin, Zamość Branch; Archive of the National Heritage Board of Poland in Warsaw.
  • Kędziora A., Dawna architektura i budownictwo Zamościa, Zamość 1990
  • Pawlicki M. B., Kamienice ormiańskie w Zamościu, /in:/ Zamość miasto idealne, J. Kowalczyk (ed.), Lublin 1980
  • Pawlicki M. B., Kamienice mieszczańskie Zamościa. Problemy ochrony, Cracow 1999.
  • Zarębska T., Zamość - miasto idealne i jego realizacja, /in:/ Zamość miasto idealne, J. Kowalczyk (ed.), Lublin 1980

Objects data updated by Andrzej Kwasik.

Category: tenement house

Architecture: Renaissance

Building material:  brick

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_06_BK.468, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_06_BK.396577