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Belfry of the collegiate church of the Holy Trinity and the Blessed Virgin Mary, currently the church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary - Zabytek.pl

Belfry of the collegiate church of the Holy Trinity and the Blessed Virgin Mary, currently the church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary


belfry 1460s-70s. Wiślica

Address
Wiślica, Długosza 22

Location
woj. świętokrzyskie, pow. buski, gm. Wiślica - miasto

The late Gothic belfry in Wiślica is one of the few preserved medieval buildings of this type in Poland.

Among the said group of monuments, it is distinguished by its height and rich heraldic programme, founded by Fr Jan Długosz, one of the most important native historians of all times.

History

The belfry was built in the 1460s-70s, during the renovation and expansion of the collegiate church complex, founded by the then Custodian of Wiślica, Fr Jan Długosz. At present it is assumed that it was built by bricklayers Marcin Proszko and Jakub Blatfuss and an unidentified sculptor - author of the heraldic-tracery frieze, made in the 1470s and 80s. The first thorough renovation of the building was carried out after 1636. In the following decades, the real problem of the church administrators was the condition of the roof sheathing and the roof truss, which were repeatedly replaced (e.g.: in 1785, the belfry cupola was covered with new lead sheet metal). These efforts did not bring the expected results, as in 1820 they were destroyed once again, therefore in 1827 the local parish priest submitted a renovation project to the Government Commission for Religious Denominations and Public Education in Warsaw. The works took a long time. In 1831, the existing cupola was removed, and a new shingle roof was not made until 1850. In 1858, the belfry was destroyed by fire, the roof and its upper floors were destroyed - they even threatened to collapse. The reconstruction of the building was carried out only in 1875-79 according to the design of Władysław Pietrzykowski in cooperation with Bolesław Podczaszyński. A high neo-Gothic stone and tin cupola was made at that time and the damaged elements of the frieze were replaced and their layout was changed. The cupola and the upper parts of the belfry were damaged once again on 8 January 1915, when it was under fire of the Austrian army. The design of its reconstruction was made in the early 1920s by Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz with the participation of the then voivodeship monuments inspector Tadeusz Szydłowski. The first stage of the work was to cover the monument with a makeshift shingle roof in 1923, and the second, main stage in 1925, to fill in the cavities in the walls, reconstruct the stepped portal and insert smooth panels in place of the destroyed elements. In 1935, A. Szyszko-Bohusz proposed to replace the frieze with a new one according to his own design, which in the end was not realised. The next thorough renovation and conservation works at the building were carried out in 1971-1974, including the decomposition of a tracery-heraldic frieze in 1972 and the installation of braces in the lower parts of the storey. In 1974 the frieze was re-installed, improving the layout of the panels (this is confirmed by the inscription on one of them). The roof of the belfry was changed again in 2004.

Description

The late Gothic, free-standing belfry is located a short distance from the south-eastern corner of the market square, to the north-west from the church of Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It is a square-shaped building with four storeys (separated by horizontal cornices), the lower two of which are made of stone blocks and the upper two of brick in Polish brickwork with the use of the zendrówka brick in rhombus pattern and blocks in the corners; it is covered with a tented roof. It is crowned with a stone late Gothic frieze (renovated around 1877, 1925, 1972-74) consisting of relief coats of arms (Wieniawa, Dębno, Poraj, Orzeł and Pogoń), tracery and IHS hierograms (before 1480 and 1877) and a console frieze under the roof eaves. The façades of the belfry are accentuated by stone pointed-arch windows (smaller ones on the ground floor and larger ones on the fourth floor) and the southern stone portal with a stepped framing (reconstructed).

The monument is open to visitors. The interiors may be explored upon prior arrangement with the parish priest.

Łukasz Piotr Młynarski, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Kielce, 10.06.2015. 

Bibliography

  • Record sheet. Dzwonnica, w zespole kolegiaty pw. Narodzenia NMP w Wiślicy, prepared by J. Wic, Kielce 1995, Archive of the Voivodeship Monuments Inspector in Kielce and the Archive of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Warsaw.
  • Buczek A., Mecenat artystyczny Jana Długosza w dziedzinie architektury, [in:] Dlugossiana. Studia historyczne w pięćsetlecie śmierci Jana Długosza, Krakow 1980, pp. 108-140.
  • Chojnowski O., Głowacki K., Młyński A., Konserwacja kamiennego fryzu z dzwonnicy przykościelnej w Wiślicy, Kielce 1988.
  • Dettloff P., Odbudowa i restauracja zabytków architektury w Polsce w latach 1918-1930. Teoria i praktyka, Krakow 2006.
  • Grzybkowski A., Gotycka Architektura murowana w Polsce, Warsaw 2014.
  • Katalog zabytków sztuki w Polsce, vol. 3: Województwo kieleckie, J. Z. Łoziński, B. Wolff (eds.), vol. 9: Powiat pińczowski, prepared by K. Kutrzebianka, Warsaw 1957.
  • Kazimierza Stronczyńskiego opisy i widoki zabytków w Królestwie Polskim (1844-1855), vol. II: Gubernia Radomska, prepared by K. Guttmejer, Warsaw 2010.
  • Piasecka A., Prace remontowo konserwatorskie przy zespole kolegiaty w Wiślicy w latach 1915-1995, [in:] Wiślica. Nowe badania i interpretacje, ed. A. Grzybkowski, Warsaw 1997, pp. 164-174.
  • Węcławowicz T., Włodarek A., Wiślica. Kościół kolegiacki p.w. Narodzenia Panny Marii, [in:] Architektura gotycka w Polsce, ed. T. Mroczko, M. Arszyński, vol. 2: Katalog Zabytków, ed. A. Włodarek, Warsaw 1995, pp. 257-258.

Category: belfry

Architecture: nieznana

Building material:  brick

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_26_BL.19210, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_26_BL.433