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Hillfort - Zabytek.pl

Address
Świdwowiec

Location
woj. lubuskie, pow. międzyrzecki, gm. Trzciel - obszar wiejski

The hill fort in Trzciel, which is conical in shape, is located on a sand dune on the eastern side of the Obra river.

The establishment of the fortified settlement is linked to the High Middle Ages.

Location and description

The hill fort is located on the north side of Trzciel, 500 m to the north of the bridge crossing the Obra river, between the river and a large fish pond. Next to the hill fort there is a causeway with an access road made of concrete slabs, leading to the pond. The whole site is surrounded by a moat filled with water and overgrown with trees.

The hill fort has the shape of a cone, which is roughly circular in shape at the base, 53-55 m in diameter and more than 4 m in height. The fragment of the rampart preserved to the south-east is nearly 3 m in height and 15 in width. A deep ditch separates the hill fort from the rest of the raised area of land, in which a fortified settlement was established.

History

Findings from archaeological research projects revealed that there were two settlement levels at the site: the earlier one, dating back to the High Middle Ages — 13th/14th-14th c., and the later one dating back to the High Middle Ages and early modern times — the late 14th-16th/17th c. Such date of origin was determined based on pieces of pottery and other artefacts found during archaeological investigations.

Condition and results of archaeological research

The hill fort was penetrated several times by archaeologists, including E. Blume in 1912, W. Heiligendorff, H. Gummel and B. Krueger in 1939, B. Kostrzewski in 1948, Adam Kołodziejski, who conducted research excavations in 1959-1962 and in 1964. Findings from these research projects revealed that the ramparts were built of earth and clad with horizontally positioned beams, which were reinforced by vertical studs, on both sides. Investigations of the south-eastern rampart showed that there were two construction layers which were destroyed by fire. The traces of two phases of use of the site were found during the excavation of the central part of the fortified settlement. The rubble after a fire was a remnant of an older layer identified at a great depth. Investigations of the younger layer also revealed the traces of a fire, including burnt material and a large number of bricks. Excavations of the site uncovered diverse historical material. During earlier research projects archaeologists found fragments of ceramics, bit, horseshoe, coins, pieces of glass and hand-made bricks, and animal bones. The excavations of the site carried out in 1948 unearthed thirty fragments of ceramics, pugging and animal bones; between 1959 and 1964, in addition to ceramics, excavations revealed crossbow bolt heads and iron knives.

Limited access to the monument. The hillfort can be viewed from the outside; access to the structure is limited due to the moat filled with water, which surrounds it.

Compiled by dr Krzysztof Garbacz, Regional Branch of the National Heritage Board of Poland in Zielona Góra, 03-09-2014 r.

Bibliography

  • Hensel W., Hilczer-Kurnatowska Z., Studia i materiały do osadnictwa Wielkopolski wczesnohistorycznej, t. 7, Poznań 1995, s. 56-60.
  • Kołodziejski A., Trzciel pow. Międzyrzecz w świetle wykopalisk, Zielona Góra 1967 [informator muzealny].
  • Kurnatowska Z., Łosińska A., Perspektywy badań nad wczesnym średniowieczem Ziemi Lubuskiej, [w:] Człowiek a środowisko w środkowym i dolnym Nadodrzu. Badania nad osadnictwem pra- i wczesnodziejowym, Spotkania Bytomskie 2, Wrocław 1996, s. 170, nr 33.

Category: hillfort

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_A_08_AR.11197, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_08_AR.69900