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Jewish cemetery - Zabytek.pl

Jewish cemetery


Jewish cemetery 1st half of the 19th century Tomaszów Mazowiecki

Address
Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Smutna 14

Location
woj. łódzkie, pow. tomaszowski, gm. Tomaszów Mazowiecki (gm. miejska)

One of the best-preserved Jewish cemeteries in the Łódzkie Voivodeship.

History

It is not certain when the cemetery was established. According to most sources, the cemetery was set up in 1831 on a plot of land donated by Count Ostrowski - the owner of the town. According to other sources, it was established in 1856, together with the adjacent necropolises of other denominations. Burials had previously taken place in Inowłódz.

During the Second World War, the Germans carried out an execution of members of the Jewish population at the cemetery. Many victims were buried in unnamed mass graves. The Nazis destroyed some of the tombstones and used matzevahs as building material (e.g. to harden road surfaces). When the war ended, plaques were placed to honour the memory of the 21 people murdered during the so-called Purim action in 1943 and 13 people killed in the area of Lubochnia. A memorial was also erected in memory of 15,000 Nazi victims from Tomaszów. On the internal side of the cemetery wall, there is a board with information about the matzevahs found on one of the properties after the war and returned to the cemetery. About 1,000 tombstones have survived to the present day. Today, the cemetery is owned by the Jewish Community in Łódź. From time to time, it is cleaned and tidied up by volunteers.

Description

The cemetery is situated to the north-east of the town centre. From the north, the Jewish cemetery borders with the Catholic cemetery and from other sides - with Ugaj, Poprzeczna, Smutna and Grota Roweckiego Streets.

It covers a plot of 2 ha. 

The plot occupied by the cemetery has the shape of an inverted letter L.

It is surrounded by a brick wall. The cemetery is reached through a gate situated in the southernmost part of the cemetery. The gate is flanked by wickets. On the wall next to it, there is a plaque with information about the cemetery.

Next to the gate, there is an alley leading north. It is the main walkway on the cemetery grounds. Rows of tombstones are positioned perpendicularly to the alley.

The division into quarters is no longer discernible, as most of the area is overgrown with self-seeded trees and shrubs.

The preserved tombstones have different forms - traditional matzevahs, monuments, obelisks and slabs. Their state of preservation is varied, some are overturned and cracked.

The cemetery is usually closed. The key is kept at No. 43 Grota Roweckiego Street.

Compiled by Anna Michalska, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Łódź. 11 February 2019

Bibliography

  • Burchard P., Pamiątki i zabytki i kultury żydowskiej w Polsce, Warszawa 1990.
  • Wiśniewski T., Nieistniejące mniejsze cmentarze żydowskie, rekonstrukcja Atlantydy, Białystok 2009 r.
  • Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Dzieje miasta, Warszawa 1980

Category: Jewish cemetery

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_10_CM.13984, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_10_CM.29577