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Parish church complex of St. Ladislaus the King - Zabytek.pl

Parish church complex of St. Ladislaus the King


church 1350s-60s. Szydłów

Address
Szydłów

Location
woj. świętokrzyskie, pow. staszowski, gm. Szydłów - miasto

The parish complex in Szydłów is an important element of a medieval fortified town, unique in Europe.

The Gothic church is an example of “expiation” churches founded by Casimir the Great, one of the most interesting 14th-century sacral buildings in Central Europe. Its furnishings include valuable works of late Gothic woodcarving and painting.

History

The oldest church in Szydłów was wooden and it was built before 1325, when a parish was first recorded in the sources. Among its alleged founders, researchers most often point to Władysław Łokietek. In the 1350s-60s, Casimir the Great erected the present temple in its place; according to Jan Długosz, as expiation for the murder of Marcin Baryczko, the vicar of the Krakow Cathedral in 1349 (currently, these circumstance of the foundation are questioned). In the years 1580-1604, during one of the renovations, a porch was added on the western side and a Literary Chapel on the northern side. In 1630, during a town fire, the roof and vault of the church were completely destroyed. Most probably, renovation began in the same year, combined with the demolition of pillars and vaulting of the naves. These works were completed quickly, as already in 1633 the renovated temple was consecrated by the suffragan of Krakow Bishop Tomasz Oborski. The church was damaged once again in 1655, this time by Swedish troops. The necessary repairs were carried out quite quickly, and the altars were consecrated in 1664. In 1693, it was renovated once again after a fire. In 1724, an element of the town’s fortification adjacent to the church was adapted for the belfry, then a storey and a stair tower were added. Probably at the end of the 18th century the main church gate was built together with the clergy house. In the 19th century the buildings of the complex were renovated several times (1836, 1868). In 1872 the southern porch was added to the church. A difficult period in the history of the complex was the second half of 1944, as at that time, as a result of warfare, it was seriously damaged or even destroyed (the vicar’s house, the clergy house). The church itself lost its roofs and all its furnishings, and its walls were damaged by fire. Jerzy Żukowski, who was in charge of its reconstruction, decided to dismantle the secondary annexes (the western and southern porches) and restore the church to its presumed original state (a layout that created the appearance of two separate naves and the vaults were reconstructed), which was the result of discovering the remnants of the vault pillars. The said works were carried out in the years 1945-58. Around 1957 a late Gothic triptych was brought to the church from Zwanowice, and in 1958-60 the belfry was rebuilt. In the years 2009-12, thorough restoration work was carried out at the church, thanks to which the original wall brickwork, the stonemasonry (southern portal and architectural details in the sacristy) were exposed and the church roof was repaired. At that time, conservation work was also carried out on some of the furnishing, such as the side altar from the early 17th century (with late Gothic sculptures) and the painting The Annunciation from 1600-20. 

Description

The parish church complex of St. Ladislaus is located on a hill, in the south-eastern part of the chartered town. Its elements include a Gothic temple, a Baroque belfry (with medieval frames), a former cemetery and a gate from late 18th century occupy the inner part of a trapezoidal plot of land, surrounded by a wall, including a fragment of the city fortifications. 

The oriented church with a layout creating the appearance of two separate naves is located in the middle of the former cemetery. It consists of a two-pillar, hall, rectangular body, a narrower and lower two-span chancel, closed on three sides. A rectangular, low sacristy, polygonally closed with a stair tower on the west side, adjoins the chancel from the north. A lower, rectangular Literary chapel adjoins the nave from the north. The church was built of brick in Polish brickwork pattern and stone, partly plastered (the chapel and the sacristy), and covered with buttresses. It is covered with: a gable roof (above the nave with a steeple), a hip roof (above the chancel) and a shed roof (above the sacristy and the chapel). Among the church’s facades, the brick walls of the body and the chancel are noteworthy, partitioned by horizontal cornices and pointed-arch windows in stone frames. The building’s facade is two-part, three-axial with a triangular gable with blind windows. The main and side entrances are accentuated with Gothic, pointed-arch and richly profiled portals (reconstructed, with capitals with floral decoration). The interior of the church is covered by the following vaults: on three supports (in the nave on two pillars, reconstructed in 1957), cross-ribbed (original in the sacristy with relief supports and keystones), barrel vaults with lunettes (in the chancel), barrel vaults (in the chapel). The entrance from the chancel to the sacristy is accentuated by a portal from 1630 (attributed to the Pińczów workshop). Among the church’s furnishings, the following are noteworthy: e.g. the Gothic triptych of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Peter and Paul from 1518 (Silesian workshop), Mannerist altar from the years 1600-20, with late Gothic sculptures of the Blessed Virgin Mary with Child and St. John the Baptist from the first quarter of the 16th century, the painting The Annunciation from the 1620s Krakow workshop?, formerly in the altar of the Collegiate Church of Skalbmierz), the Crucifixion Group in the rood from around 1630 (?), the “marble” epitaph of Father Józef Ptaszyński from 1809 (workshop from Dębnik?). 

The belfry is located in the line of city walls, south-east of the church. The building on a square floor plan, with a cylindrical staircase tower from the north and a buttress from the west, has two storeys, the top of which is polygonal with truncated corners. It was made of stone and brick, plastered and covered with a tented roof. The façades of the building are modest. 

The former church cemetery is surrounded by a wall, in the south-western corner of which there is a double-span gate with a triangular top. It was bricked up from stone and plastered. The front façade is divided by Tuscan pilasters.

The monument is open to visitors. Sightseeing upon prior telephone appointment.

Łukasz Piotr Młynarski, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Kielce, 10.02.2015. 

Bibliography

  • Record sheet. Zespół kościoła parafialnego rzym.-kat. p.w. św. Władysława w Szydłów, kościół parafialny rzym.-kat. p.w. św. Wacława i dzwonnica, prepared by Z. M. Łabędzki, Kielce 1994, Archive of the Voivodeship Monuments Protection Office in Kielce and Archive of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Warsaw.
  • Record sheet. Obraz-Zwiastowanie. Kościół parafialny p.w. św. Władysława: ściana tęczowa, od pd., prepared by Z. Wojtasik, Kielce 1995, Archive of the Voivodeship Monuments Protection Office in Kielce and Archive of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Warsaw.
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  • Crossley P., Gothic Architecture in the Reign of Casimir the Great. Church Architecture in Lesser Poland 1320-1380, Krakow 1985.
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  • Gadomski J., Znaki kamieniarskie w Polsce od roku 1100 do połowy XIII wieku, “Folia Historiae Artium” 1966, vol. III, pp. 23-67.
  • Kazimierza Stronczyńskiego opisy i widoki zabytków w Królestwie Polskim (1844-1855), vol. II: Gubernia Radomska, prepared by K. Guttmejer, Warsaw 2010.
  • Katalog zabytków sztuki w Polsce, vol. III: Województwo kieleckie, J. Z. Łoziński, B. Wolff (eds.), vol. 1: Powiat buski, prepared by K. Kutrzebianka, Warsaw 1957.
  • Kracik J., Konsekracje kościołów i ołtarzy w diecezji krakowskiej w XVII i XVIII wieku, “Nasza Przeszłość” 1984, vol. 61, pp. 111-147.
  • Myśliński K., Święta Maria Magdalena, [in:] Ornamenta Ecclesiae. Sztuka Sakralna diecezji kieleckiej. Katalog Wystawy, ed. K. Myśliński, Kielce 2000, p. 65.
  • Piwowarczyk R., Pytowska K., Parafia Szydłów w latach 1945-2011, [in:] Szydłów przez stulecia. Monografia gminy w Szydłowie, ed. C. Jastrzębowski, Szydłów 2011, pp. 165-190.
  • Walczak, Rzeźba architektoniczna w Małopolsce za czasów Kazimierza Wielkiego, Krakow 2006.
  • Włodarek A., Szydłów. Kościół par. p.w. św. Władysława, [in:] Architektura gotycka w Polsce, ed. T. Mroczko, M. Arszyński, vol. 2: Katalog Zabytków, ed. A. Włodarek, Warsaw 1995.
  • Wiśniewski J., Historyczny opis kościołów, miast, zabytków i pamiątek w stopnickiem, Marjówce 1929.
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  • Wojtasik Z., Zub J., Konserwacja tzw. zabytków ruchomych, [in:] Prace konserwatorskie w woj. świętokrzyskim w latach 2001-2012, ed. J. Cedro, Kielce 2014, pp. 121-178.
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Category: church

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_26_ZE.24262, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_26_ZE.1043