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Archaeological site no. 2 – conical hillfort - Zabytek.pl

Archaeological site no. 2 – conical hillfort


hillfort Roszkowice

Address
Roszkowice

Location
woj. opolskie, pow. opolski, gm. Niemodlin - obszar wiejski

The hillfort in Roszkowice is an important element of the cultural landscape of the village that indicates long settlement tradition.

The site may be a relic of the local medieval watchtower located in the area of the so-called Silesian Cutting (Polish: Przesieka Śląska). It enriches our knowledge about medieval settlement, its range and character in the Niemodlin region.

History of the structure

Archaeological surveys have established the dating of the structure to the period of the Late Middle Ages (14th–16th century);

Description of the structure

The location of the monument: the hillfort is located in the catchment area of the Nysa Kłodzka and Ścinawa Niemodlińska rivers, in the northern part of the village, 200 m northwest of a farmstead, by a dirt road.

Site description: a conical hillfort, significantly deformed, with a shape similar to a quadrangle with rounded corners. A moat filled with water surrounds the site from the south, east and west sides. On the northern side the moat is connected to the pond created in the post-war period. The cultural layer extends to a depth of about 1.5 m, where brick and stone fragments were discovered. Dimensions of the mount: about 19m x 19m, height about 2-3 m, width of the moat about 6-10 m. Originally, the site was probably surrounded by ramparts, which have not survived. Currently, the inner yard and outer edge of the moat are overgrown with bushes and trees. The hillfort is a bird sanctuary and is occasionally used as a recreational facility.

State and findings of archaeological research: the hillfort was surface-examined in the interwar period, e.g. by G. Raschke in 1933, and later by J. Kaźmierczyk and K. Macewicz and A. Szczodrak in 1960. In 1972 a survey was conducted by K. Macewicz, S. Wuszkan and E. Tomczak. They found several dozen fragments of thin-walled vessels made on a pottery wheel. In 1999 the Polish Archaeological Record research was conducted by K. Bykowski. The hillfort has been preserved in good condition. In 1989, a contour plan was drawn up.

The Roszkowice hillfort located in the area of the wide belt of Przesieka Śląska, on the eastern side of the Nysa Kłodzka River, may have had a guarding function.

Visitor access. The hillfort is located on private land. The site is visible from the road leading from Niemodlin to Rogi via Piotrowa, about 150 m northeast of it. A clump of trees growing on the site is clearly distinguishable among the fields on the northern side of the village.

Author of the note: Compiled by Krzysztof Spychała, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Opole, 24-04-2018

 Bibliography

  • Hellmich M., Schlesische Wehranlagen, [in:] Altschlesien, Vol.3, 1930, p.46;
  • Raschke G., Frühmittelalterliche Wehranlagen aus dem Kreise Falkeberg OS, p.6,
  • Kozłowska W., Wczesnośredniowieczne grody woj. opolskiego na tle warunków fizjograficzno - gospodarczych, [in:] Kwartalnik Opolski, Vol. 1, 1956, item 96;
  • Antoniewicz W., Wartołowska Z., Mapa grodzisk w Polsce, 1964, p.41;
  • Kaźmierczyk J., Macewicz K., Wuszkan S., Studia i materiały do osadnictwa Opolszczyzny wczesnośredniowiecznej, 1977, pp.433-435;
  • Archives of the Museum of Opole Silesia in Opole, Department of Archaeology, Rossdorf file;
  • Archives and photographic collection of the Voivodeship Heritage Protection Office in Opole, file no. A-547/80, and Record Sheet of the Roszkowice Archaeological Site no. 2, AZP 90-33/8.

Category: hillfort

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_A_16_AR.3482, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_16_AR.1139774