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Parish Church of St John the Baptist - Zabytek.pl

Parish Church of St John the Baptist


church mid-12th c. Prandocin

Address
Prandocin, 54

Location
woj. małopolskie, pow. krakowski, gm. Słomniki - obszar wiejski

The Parish Church St John the Baptist in Prandocin is one of the best-preserved and most beautiful monuments of Romanesque architecture in Poland.

History

The Prandocin church was built in the mid-12th century (or slightly earlier) at the equestrian foundation, probably by Comes Prandota the Old from the Odrowąż family or his successor (Saul of Końskie). The temple was first mentioned in a record from 1222; in the years 1325-27, it was the seat of the deanery. The church was built of dimension sandstone as a two-apse structure: apart from the altar apse, it also had a west apse, originally containing a two-level, vaulted gallery (typical of equestrian foundations) supported by a pair of half-columns and columns with a cushion capital. The design of the building consisted of: a stepped portal from the south with columns in reveals and semicircular archivolts with relief, ornamental decoration, originally covered with a portico; ornamental frames of splayed windows; arcaded friezes under the eaves. Due to the church castellation, perhaps at the beginning of the 1240s, an octagonal tower was erected over the west apse. In the years 1480-1490, the east apse was demolished, and a Gothic chancel was erected closed with a straight wall. The brick walls used dimension stone and decorative elements from the Romanesque walls. The tower (according to Fr Wiśniewski) was lowered at the end of the 18th century and covered with a high roof with an octagonal lantern covered with a helmet-shaped cupola. In the next century, the sacristy and the west porch were added.

Description

The Parish Church of St John the Baptist in Prandocin sits on a hill among high trees, in the central part of the hamlet, by the road leading south to the village of Wysiółek. It is a Romanesque structure made of dimension sandstone. The temple is of an oriented, single-nave design with an octagonal tower, west apse and a Gothic brick chancel (with a polychrome preserved inside), reinforced with buttresses and closed with a straight wall. The chancel features some preserved bases of the wall half-columns supporting the gallery. The main support, a column with a cushion capital, was moved outside the church, next to the cemetery wall. The Gothic walls, in their lower parts, still show some dimension stone and decorative elements from the Romanesque walls. The south wall has a bricked up, stepped portal with a smooth tympanum, decorated with a braided ornament and polychrome. Its jambs still show legible consecration crosses.  Above the portal, the ornamental framing of one of the windows (second on the north wall) has been partially preserved. It was bricked up and partially removed when new, larger windows were made. The walls of the nave and tower are decorated with a continuous arcaded frieze under the eaves; the walls of the west apse feature preserved lesenes. The church is covered with a flat ceiling; the nave and the chancel are covered with a gable roof with an ave bell flèche. The tower is covered with a high roof topped with an octagonal lantern and a domed cupola. Two annexes were added on both sides of the chancel (the so-called old and new sacristy) and a porch to the west apse. The church equipment comes from the 17th and 18th centuries, including the late Mannerist main altar (after 1630), funded by a burgher and magistrate of Słomniki, Maciej Oczko. The altar features a painting of the Mother of God with Child. The church was renovated and restored in 1982-1988. Currently, the next stage of roof replacement is underway over the chancel and the central nave.

The site can be accessed from outside. The interior is accessible before and after services.

Author of the note Tomasz Woźniak, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Kraków 01/07/2014

Bibliography

  • Chrzanowski T., Kornecki M., Sztuka Ziemi Krakowskiej, Kraków 1982
  • Dyba O., Majka M., Zabytki architektury i budownictwa w Polsce. Vol. 18, part 2, Województwo krakowskie, Warszawa 1995
  • Krasnowolski B., Leksykon zabytków architektury Małopolski, Warszawa 2013
  • Sztuka polska romańska i przedromańska do schyłku XIII w., ed. M. Walickiego, Warszawa, 1971
  • Świechowski Z., Katalog architektury romańskiej w Polsce, Warszawa 2009
  • Świechowski Z., Sztuka polska, vol. I, Romanizm, Warszawa 2006
  • Tomaszewski A., Romańskie kościoły z emporami zachodnimi na obszarze Polski, Czech i Węgier, Wrocław 1974
  • Wiśniewski J., Dekanat miechowski, Radom 1917

Category: church

Architecture: Romanesque

Building material:  brick

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_12_BK.194799, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_12_BK.367779