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Water system on the Żarnówka River (remains of the blast furnace plant) - Zabytek.pl

Water system on the Żarnówka River (remains of the blast furnace plant)


industrial architecture Mostki

Address
Mostki

Location
woj. świętokrzyskie, pow. skarżyski, gm. Suchedniów - obszar wiejski

Industrial blast furnace complex typical of the 1st half of the 19th century, i.e.the Congress Kingdom of Poland; visible and accessible.

History

In accordance with Stanisław Staszic’s plan of 1818 of the development of the steel industry in the Old-Polish Industrial Area, projects were drawn up of the industrial development of the Kamienna River valley and the Kielce region. The blast furnace plant in Parszów was intended for pig iron manufacturing for further processing in the “ironworks along the Kamienna River". Before, the place was known for 17th-century smithies and a blast furnace of the 2nd half of the 18th century (most probably with a dam). Destroyed during the floods in 1812, the plant was rebuilt in 1829 in a completely new layout according to the design by Jacek Lipski. Along with the new blast furnace, a new water power system was installed, designed according to the contemporary standards - an earth dam with a release outlet (on the Żarnówka River, a tributary of the Kamienna), inlet culvert, inlet canal to the factory buildings centred around the water frame with the outflow through the bottom canal (partially covered, partly open) to the riverbed. Next to the blast furnace, there was an auxiliary steam engine and a water hoisting tower. In 1834 the foundry in Parszów was completely redeveloped and was then considered one of the best equipped state-owned foundries; a mechanical plant was opened nearby. It mainly served the military needs but also produced construction hardware and machine parts. About 1840 the blast furnace was replaced, and after the fire in 1860 only the foundry kept operating. A housing estate for workers, which very often accompanied bigger industrial investments, was developed gradually in the 2nd half of the 19th century, ultimately reaching the village of Mostki where another blast furnace was operating (in collaboration with the one in Parszów). The facility abandoned at the end of the 19th century gradually fell into disrepair; until WW2, some of the building were still under the roof, and during the war a defence bunker was raised at the site of the blast furnace. In the 1960s, there were still the production building (housing a school and located on the inlet canal parallel to the dam), ruined armory, administrator’s house and some residential houses. The water reservoir does not exist (even some of its parts have been taken over by new development), but some elements of the former water system have been preserved: the earth dam, weir abutments (used for the new bridge constructed on the old road at the end of the war), culvert under the dam, parts of inlet canals and retaining walls. The lower terrace have been occupied by farm buildings unrelated to the plant, and on the foundations of the old factory buildings new facilities have been located, including the development of a superstructure of the school facility. The area has gone into private hands (including a private company), and the investments were suspended in the 1990s at an early construction stage. Currently, the area is overgrown and visible is the advancing deterioration of the stonework - both of the original 19th-century and post-war development.

Description

The area of the former industrial plant is located along the Starachowice-Skarżysko-Kamienna road (which runs on the embankment parallel to the old dam) and the road to Suchedniów (closing the original basin of the water reservoir to the east). The following components of the former water system have been preserved: an outline of the large pond (now dry), the earth dam (largely preserved but transformed as a result of the road system development), outlet weir in the middle of the causeway (single-span, made of quarry stone with abutments currently serving as supports, a wooden road bridge and a stone apron on wooden pillars), a fragment of inlet culvert (stone and arched - east of the spillway), parts of the lower sections of the inlet channel (now dry, with the outlet of the underground part under the building and further with the overgrown open bed). In the north-east part of he complex there was the main plant’s yard, enclosed from the south with the former causeway and from the west with the riverbed and transformed with a retaining wall shaping the relatively flat area of factory buildings. During the operation of the plant, there were numerous buildings added to the complex, for example, a blast furnace, foundry, workshops and auxiliary buildings. Today, the north factory build is visible (in fact its ground level), located on the former inlet canal, as the last link in the hydropower system. It was once a one-storey building with a gable roof; now it looks different - a bit higher, with half-hipped roof with dormers windows - this is the remnant of the 1990s unfinished reconstruction and adaptation. The stone-and-brick walls of the ground floor as well as the basic plan and basic division of the interior have been preserved. The wooden and stone, one-storey farm buildings and residential houses located in the west part of the factory area are modern developments unrelated to the former industrial facility. Most of the area, with the exception of the vicinity of private houses, is overgrown, with large trees and less and less accessible.

The site is generally accessible but held by private owners; residential buildings are occupied

Compiled by Włodzimierz Pedrycz, Regional Branch of the National Heritage Board of Poland in Kielce, 19.11.2014.

Bibliography

  • Karty ewidencyjne. Układ hydroenergetyczny, Zakład wielkopiecowy - zespół i Budynek produkcyjny, oprac. G. Balińska i J.A. Baliński, Kielce 1995 [Archiwum Świętokrzyskiego Wojewódzkiego Konserwatora Zabytków w Kielcach i Archiwum Narodowego Instytutu Dziedzictwa w Warszawie].
  • Koźminski K., Zagłębie Staropolskie w Kieleckiem, Warszawa 1955.
  • Krygier E., Katalog Zabytków Budownictwa Przemysłowego w Polsce, Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków 1961, t.2, z.3, powiat Iłża, miasto Skarżysko-Kamienna, miasto Starachowice.
  • Rey A., Geneza i rozwój układów przestrzennych zakładów hutniczych w Zagłębiu Staropolskim., Kwartalnik Urbanistyki i Architektury 1966, t.XI. z.2.
  • Suliga J., Studium historyczne przyrodniczo-kulturowe doliny rzeki Kamiennej, KRAJOBRAZY 8 (20), Warszawa 1995.
  • Wojewódzki R., Najcenniejsze zabytki techniki - Parszów; w miesięczniku IKAR, nr 3 (19) z 1995r.
  • Zieliński J., Staropolskie Zagłębie Przemysłowe, Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków 1965.

Category: industrial architecture

Architecture: nieznana

Building material:  brick

Protection: Register of monuments

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_26_BL.21544