Góra Zamczysko archaeological and nature reserve - Zabytek.pl
Address
Makoszyn
Location
woj. świętokrzyskie, pow. kielecki, gm. Bieliny
Location and description
The site is situated in the “Zamczysko” nature reserve located in the village of Makoszyn, Bieliny commune, in the vicinity of the village of Widełki. It occupies the eastern high ground below the Góra Zamczysko summit. The mountain has steep slopes on three sides (northern, eastern and southern). It is surrounded by marshland and watercourses. It is covered by a mixed forest complex. The summit of the mountain is relatively flat, owing to which ramparts surrounding the former sanctuary are still visible. The site has an elongated, irregular shape resembling an ellipse and occupies an area of about 1 ha. Three perimeter ramparts and two terraces between them have survived, as well as a system of passages and entrances.
One more site is also situated in the neighbourhood, called Góra Zamczysko, which is incorrectly assigned to the village of Widełki. It is situated on the summit of a mountain with the same name but rising in the Orłowińskie Range between Huta Nowa and Zagórze, nearby the Daleszyce - Raków road. It is where a supposed medieval knight’s watchtower is located, dated to the 13th-14th century.
History
The pagan centre of worship existed on Góra Zamczysko in the vicinity of the villages of Makoszyn and Widełki near Daleszyce in the 10th century. Currently, the entire area is overgrown by a forest.
Condition and results of archaeological
In 1985-1986, Eligia Gąssowska carried out research on Góra Zamczysko, described as preliminary archaeological reconnaissance. 14C analyses were performed of a charcoal sample, which confirmed the dating of the structure to the 10th century (980 AD ±55). Detailed results of the work have not been published. The site was interpreted as a pagan shrine of the goddess of earth Makosza. E. Gąssowska emphasised excellent visibility from the Łysa Góra sanctuary, finding a close relationship between the two sites. The Widełki sanctuary was supposedly devoted to the goddess of earth, and the one on Łysa Góra - to the supreme masculine deity, Perun.
The monument is open to visitors. A blue trail leads to the summit.
compiled by Nina Glińska, Regional Branch of the National Heritage Board of Poland in Kielce, 27-04-2016.
Bibliography
- (Widełki) Makoszyn, rezerwat archeologiczno-przyrodniczy „Góra Zamczysko”, Teczka zbiorcza na dokumentację nr IA.5134.143, Archiwum IA WUOZ w Kielcach
- Góra „Zamczysko”, rezerwat przyrody, Teczka zbiorcza na dokumentację nr AZ-AIA.5134.D.27.1999, Archiwum IA WUOZ w Kielcach
- Czernek D., Archeologia [w:] Świercz A. (red.) „Archeologia, Monografia Cisowsko-Orłowińskiego Parku Krajobrazowego”, Kielce 2014, s. 454-456
- Gąssowska E., Świątynia pogańska w Widełkach [w:] R. Mirowski (red.) „Dzieje i Zabytki Małych Ojczyzn”, t. 2, „Gmina Daleszyce”, Kielce 2004, s. 34-36
- Stachurski M., Referat: Zaawansowanie prac nad planem ochrony rezerwatu przyrody „Zamczysko”, położonym na terenie nadleśnictwa Łagów, na okres od 1.01.2000 do 31.12.2019 r., Kielce 1999, maszynopis w Archiwum IA WUOZ w Kielcach
Category: place of worship
Protection: Register of monuments
Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_A_26_AR.23686