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Urban layout - Zabytek.pl

Urban layout


spatial layout 1366 Lanckorona

Address
Lanckorona

Location
woj. małopolskie, pow. wadowicki, gm. Lanckorona

The spatial layout and development of Lanckorona form a well-preserved system with a transparent layout made up of wooden buildings and major landscape, historical and architectural values on a national scale.

The village is an example of a spatial complex combining various elements of a cultural landscape harmoniously.

History of the site

The origins of Lanckorona probably goes back to the 13th century, but the existence of the village is confirmed by written sources no earlier than in the 14th-century sources. Lanckorona developed from a bailey near a castle built by Casimir the Great. Pursuant to royal privileges from 1361 and 1366, the settlement was incorporated as a town under Magdeburg Law. The city was managed by hereditary commune leaders, and at the beginning of the 16th century, it was purchased by royal starosts from, for example, the families of Lanckoroński, Wolski, Zebrzydowski, and Wielopolski. In 1777 the Lanckorona starosty became the property of Ludwika Krasińska and her heirs. Later, the estate was owned by Louis Hammerling, who sold it soon to the local commune. The greatest economic development of Lanckorona fell to the second half of the 16th century. At that time, the town operated its own butcheries, cloth stalls, watermills, and a bathhouse. The decline of the town began during the Polish-Swedish War in the second half of the 17th century. In 1768 the castle was occupied by the Bar Confederates and in the years 1768-1771 it witnesses fights between the confederates and Russian troops. A 1869 fire destroyed most of Lanckorona’s wooden buildings. The town was soon rebuilt, but it never restored its former glory. In 1933 Lanckorona lost its town rights to become a village again. The first conservation projects covering the historical buildings of the town were undertaken in the second half of the 20th century. In the early 1950s, 41 wooden buildings had their roof repaired. The project was paid by the state. In the years 1965-1971, a conservation programme was drawn up providing for the regeneration of the urban complex and the adaptation of the centre of Lanckorona for tourist and recreational purposes. Among others, comprehensive urban documentation was prapred and work was commenced on the re-design and reconstruction of the market square. The programme was halted in 1975. Another (successful) attempt to renew Lanckorona’s marketplace was made only in 2005 under the supervision of Prof. Anna Mitkowska.

Site description

Lanckorona sits on a hill called Lanckorońska Góra (552 m a.s.l.) on the boundary of the Wieliczka Foothills and the Maków Beskids. The centre of the settlement was the market square measuring 90 x 110 m. the streets were radiating from the corners of the square. One of them led to the Parish Church of St John the Baptist. Initially, the wooden development of the town centre occupied plots located along the four sides of the market square and the exit streets.  Later, this layout was partially modified by designing three new streets leading out of the square. The extent of the mediaeval town settlement can be told by the remains of old ramparts. Beyond the ramparts, there were two outer suburbs of Jastrzębie and Łaśnica. They were incorporated into the town in the 16th century, which marked the end of the process of urban development of the locality. The buildings in the centre of Lanckorona were wooden, and this has partly remained so to this day. The houses of historic value were built mostly in the years 1869–1872, i.e. after the last fire of the town. The buildings near the market square are compact and constrained by the size of the plots. The single-storey, narrow-fronted, and rectangular log houses stand with their gables to the market square. In the backyards, there are farm outbuildings that can be reached wide, gated passageways in the front buildings. The houses are separated from each other by narrow walkways, once with overhanging wooden gutters, protruding in front of the façades. The buildings are covered with half-hipped roofs with strongly protruding eaves creating arcades. Some houses have cellars with hatched access openings from the street. The wooden houses by the streets leading from the market square are usually wide-fronted, their ridges facing the street. In addition to half-hipped roofs, there have porches with latticework railings. One of the oldest wooden buildings in the village is the house built before the fire in 1869, now the seat of the Professor Antoni Krajewski Regional Museum. It exhibits historical items and equipment related to the crafts and agriculture of Lanckorona and the surrounding area, and paintings by local artists.

The site is open to visitors.

Author of the note Tadeusz Śledzikowski, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Kraków 07/10/2014

Bibliography

  • Katalog zabytków sztukiPolsce, vol. 1: Województwo krakowskie, no. 14: Powiat wadowicki, oprac. J. Szablowski, Warszawa 1953, p. 32.
  • Kornecki M., Lanckorona, [in:] Zin W. (ed.),  Zabytki urbanistyki i architektury w Polsce. Odbudowa i konserwacja, vol. 1, Miasta historyczne, Warszawa 1986, pp. 263-274.
  • Krajobraz kulturowy Polski. Województwo małopolskie, ed. Bogdanowski J., Kraków-Warszawa 2001, pp. 155-157.
  • Krasnowolski B., Leksykon zabytków architektury Małopolski, Warszawa 2013, p. 180.
  • Zinkow J., Wokół Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej i Lanckorony, Kalwaria Zebrzydowska 2000, pp. 76-94.
  • Record sheets: Domy w Lanckoronie: Rynek 117, 119, 123, 125, 127, 131, 133, 141 i ul. Świętokrzyska 104, 110, oprac. Tadeusz Śledzikowski, Kraków 2001, Archiwum Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Ochrony Zabytków w Krakowie.
  • Szlak Architektury Drewnianej w Małopolsce, oprac. Tadeusz Śledzikowski, Kraków 2000, Archiwum Urzędu Marszałkowskiego Województwa Małopolskiego.

Objects data updated by Jarosław Bochyński (JB).

Category: spatial layout

Protection: Register of monuments

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_12_UU.22350