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Under the White Eagle - Zabytek.pl

Under the White Eagle


tenement house 2nd half of the 14th c. Kraków

Address
Kraków, Rynek Główny 45

Location
woj. małopolskie, pow. Kraków, gm. Kraków

The other of the two houses in Kraków’s main market square owned by the Kromer family (see Rynek Główny 23); Tadeusz Kościuszko resided here in 1775.

History

The first stone structure was built here in the second half of the 14th century. The rear bay was added at the turn of the 14th century. The Renaissance-driven interior alteration took place in the first half of the 16th century, and a thorough renovation was carried out at the turn of the 16th and in the 17th century. The early 16th century saw a brick annexe built and gradually remodelled. In 1544 the house was held by Bartłomiej Kromer, brother of the chronicler Marcin, the canon of Kraków and bishop of Warmia, who was knighted in 1522 together with his brothers. Bartłomiej’s widow sold the house in 1564 to Wojciech Sulikowski, who opened up a pharmacy there in 1569. The new commercial function forced the retrofitting of the ground floor at the end of the 17th century, and the pharmacy is mentioned in historical records again in 1625. After Leonard Boruta (1599), Kasper Celesta (1656), Paszkowski (1663) and Szeligowski (1736), the owners were the Liszkas, Jan Samuel with his wife Salomea. Before they sold the house to Franciszek Bugajski and Franciszka Bugajski née Galbiński in 1790, they made further alterations in the mid-18th century. At that time, the building housed Parvi’s popular café and billiard room. The new owner transformed the ground floor into a pharmacy again and named it Under the White Eagle in 1809. The building was renovated around 1818 (mainly the annexe). Its later use resembled predatory exploitation. The desolated building was restored in the years 1895-1898 when it belonged to Adolf Siedlecki, chemist and pharmacist, and owner of the Under the White Eagle pharmacy, and Tekla née Dydyńska, according to the design by Władysław Ekielski. The building gained a new façade and the third floor (over the front building and the annexe). The sculpture of a phoenix (mistakenly taken for an eagle) under the eaves was designed by Stanisław Wyspiański and sculpted by Julian Szopiński. In 1892, thanks to the Tadeusz Kościuszko Society, a plaque commemorating Kościuszko was unveiled on the house wall, featuring the general’s portrait medallion carved by Władysław Eljasz-Radzikowski. During WW2, it was destroyed by the Germans. The new one was placed on the brick façade in 1946. Subsequent refurbishment projects, mainly in the interior, were carried out in 1901 and 1930. At the beginning of the 20th century, the pharmacy was equipped with extraordinary stylised furnishings adorned with eagles. Unfortunately, at the end of the 1990s, the equipment was removed.

Description

A four-level, two-bay building with a Gothic-like façade. The composition of the façade and its details are examples of late historicism alluding to the 16th-century Kraków Gothic and Renaissance motifs. The use of blue-painted grouting breaks the monotony of the face of the wall, attracts attention and forced the viewer to seek reference elements, one of them being a simple blue pattern under the cornice, symbolising the sky and underlining the dynamism of the figure of phoenix placed against it. The modular suspended ceilings and a wall painting in the great chamber in the ground floor have survived from the Renaissance era.

The site is partly available: freely from the outside but inside only during the working hours of the stores and institutions.

Author of the note Roman Marcinek, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Kraków 20/04/2016

Bibliography

  • Dyba O., Kraków. Zabytki architektury i budownictwa, Warszawa 2007
  • Encyklopedia Krakowa, Warszawa – Kraków 2000.
  • Fabiański M., Purchla J., Historia architektury Krakowa w zarysie, Kraków 2001
  • Komorowski W., Sudacka A., Rynek Główny w Krakowie, Ossolineum 2008
  • Rożek M., Przewodnik po zabytkach i kulturze Krakowa, Kraków 1993
  • Marcinek R., Kraków, Kraków 2001

Category: tenement house

Architecture: nieznana

Building material:  brick

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_12_BK.199214, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_12_BK.426455,PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_12_BK.426466