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The parish church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus - Zabytek.pl

The parish church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus


church Grabowo Królewskie

Address
Grabowo Królewskie, 40

Location
woj. wielkopolskie, pow. wrzesiński, gm. Kołaczkowo

The Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus with a chapel, a bell tower, and a fence with a gate form a stylistically uniform complex of neo-Baroque sacral architecture from the first quarter of the 20th century.

The temple was built according to the design of a renowned Poznań architect - Stanisław Mieczkowski. The shape of the building, the architectural details and the interior fittings are characterized by high artistic class. The Archaeological Museum in Poznań houses a Gothic cabinet-shaped altar from Grabowo Królewskie from around 1375.

History of the structure

Grabowo Królewskie was a royal village, which, together with a number of other villages, constituted the royal estate in Pyzdry. The village was leased by families from Wielkopolska, including the Tomicki, Iwiński, Rozdrażewski, Radoliński, and Lipski families. The privilege was issued by King Władysław Jagiełło and renewed in 1517 by starost Mikołaj Lasota Zaborowski. In 1657, the village was burned during fights with the Swedes.

After the partitions of Poland, Grabowo Królewskie found itself in the Prussian partition. The estate was taken over by the state and sold to Major von Grawert (1795). Later, the village was owned by the Műller family. Around 1840 Stanisław Florian Łaszczyński bought the estate. After his death his son, Władysław Maurycy, farmed here. In 1880 he sold the property to the Schulz family. The last owners of Grabowo Królewskie before World War II were, from 1921, Witold Saryusz and Wanda Wilkoszewski.

The church in Grabowo Królewskie, originally named after St. Hedwig, was probably founded in the 14th century when the village was founded under German law. The parish, encompassing Grabowo and nearby Krzywa Góra, was separated from the parish of Biechów. A parish priest named Maciej was mentioned in 1406. According to the visitation records from 1695, the church was wooden, covered with roof shingle, consecrated in 1522 by Wojciech, suffragan of Poznań. At the end of the 18th century the building was in a poor condition, and it was restored by Wojciech Radoliński, the then leaseholder of Grabowo Królewskie. The condition of the church in 1828 was described as good, but soon the building must have been destroyed. In 1841 a new, also wooden temple was erected. The construction costs were covered by the then heir Stanisław Łaszczyński and the landowners of Grabowo and Krzywa Góra.

The neo-Baroque church, preserved to this day, was built in 1925-27 from the foundation of the then owner of Grabowo Królewskie, Witold Saryusz Wilkoszewski. The plans were made by the well-known Poznań architect Stanisław Mieczkowski. The old wooden building was enclosed with brick walls, and was not demolished until after the new temple was completed. During the Nazi occupation, when most of the Catholic churches in the Września district were closed, only two churches were left: one for German Catholics in Biechów and the other for Polish Catholics in Grabowo Królewskie.

Description of the structure

The church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Grabowo Królewskie is situated in the western part of the village, on the northern side of the main village road leading east from Września to Pyzdry. The oriental church is surrounded by a wooded area (formerly a church cemetery), fenced with a low plastered wall, finished with a balustrade. A gate with two wickets, surrounded by rusticated columns and topped with a split pediment, leads to the area of the church. Near the gate, on the northern side, there is a low bell tower, with an openwork construction of metal rods, built on a decagonal plan, covered with a cupola supported by concrete columns, topped with a lantern and a cross. On the southern side of the gate there is a brick chapel-mortuary, built on a rectangular plan with a semicircular apse, covered with a gable roof.

The neo-Baroque church was built on a Latin cross floor plan. The building consists of a three-bay nave, a transept and a narrower one-bay chancel topped with a semi-circular arch. There are two square-shaped annexes on either side of the chancel. The western bay of the nave is slightly narrower, flanked by rectangular annexes. The nave and the slightly lower arms of the transept and the chancel are covered with high gable roofs, whereas the lower annexes near the chancel are covered with two-span roofs. The whole is dominated by an octagonal cupola ceiling at the crossing of the nave and the transept, topped with a lantern.

The church is a brick building. Its walls are covered with plaster. The roofs are covered with ceramic roof tiles. The church elevations are divided by simple pilasters and crowned by profiled cornices. The windows are topped with semi-circular arches, framed with simple plastered surrounds. The central part of the tri-axial façade is flanked by pairs of Tuscan columns. On the axis there is a semicircular entrance framed by a stone portal with a heraldic cartouche in a keystone. The portal is crowned with a split pediment with a Latin cross on a small pedestal. On the side axes there are semicircular niches with carved figures of saints. The façade is crowned with a prominent mitred cornice and a gable with volutes and pairs of Ionic columns supporting a triangular tympanum. In the axis of the gable, there is a rectangular blind window in a rich architectural frame; above it, there is an inscription: TO GOD FOR PRAISE, TO PEOPLE FOR USE. In the tympanum’s field, there is a carved image of the Holy Trinity. The whole is crowned with a cross. The side façades are identically disposed. The nave elevations are tri-axial. In the two eastern bays - large semicircular windows, in the last western bay - pairs of small rectangular windows, above the crowning cornice - oval windows. The elevations of the transept’s arms are single-axis, with large semicircular windows, and above them - volute-shaped gables topped with triangular tympanums. In the gables - oval windows. Similar windows in the walls of the cupola tambour. The side elevations of the chancel annexes are single-axis, with arcades of rectangular entrances. The eastern elevation is five-axial. In the chancel a pair of semicircular windows, in the annexes - rectangular windows.

Inside, the walls of the nave were divided by massive wall pillars supporting prominent arches of the barrel vault. The chancel and the arms of the transept open into the nave with semicircular arcades. The walls are topped with profiled cornices. Above the crossing of the naves there is a cupola ceiling on pendentives, the arms of the transept are covered with barrel vaults, above the chancel - with barrel vault, above the apse - with hemispherical vault. In the west bay there is a music gallery supported by a pair of Tuscan columns. The interior of the temple is decorated with polychrome. The cupola depicts in four fields the adoration of the monstrance, the cross and the crowned eagle by angels, as well as the scene of the presentation of the keys to St. Peter. On the pendentives - images of the four evangelists in stucco frames.

The interior furnishings from the period of the church’s construction include an architectural high altar funded by Wanda Wilkoszewska with a painting of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in the centre field and a painting in the finial. Two side altars were placed at the eastern walls of the transept arms. In the altar on the southern side there is a carved image of the Crucified Christ, on the northern side - the image of Our Lady of Częstochowa. The church has also preserved a pulpit, decorated with painted depictions of the evangelists, a baptismal font, pews, the pipe organ casing and stained glass windows in the chancel designed by Henryk Nostitz-Jackowski and made by the “Polichromia” artistic studio from Poznań.

Visitor access. The church can be visited both from the outside and inside. More information about the village, the parish and the Holy Mass schedule can be found on the parish website: grabowokrolewskie.parafialnastrona.pl, the website of the Gniezno Archdiocese: www.archidiecezja.pl and the website Grabowo Królewskie tu się dzieje!: grabowokr.tsd.pl

Compiled by: Krzysztof Jodłowski, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Poznań, 13.08.2017

Bibliography

  • Matelscy K.D, Ziemia wrzesińska : gminy i miejscowości powiatu wrzesińskiego, Gniezno brw, pp. 25-26.
  • Katalog zabytków sztuki w Polsce, Vol. V, z. 29: powiat wrzesiński, Warsaw 1960, p. 6.
  • Kozierowski S., Szematyzm historyczny ustrojów parafialnych dzisiejszej archidiecezji gnieźnieńskiej. Poznań 1934, pp. 62-63.
  • Łukaszewicz J., Krótki opis historyczny kościołów parochialnych…, Vol. I, Poznań 1858, pp. 365-66.
  • Nowacki J., Archidiecezja Poznańska w granicach historycznych i jej ustrój, Poznań 1964, p. 366.
  • Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego…, Vol. II, ed. B. Chlebowski [et al.], Warsaw 1881, p. 784.
  • Śliwczyńscy J.W., Ziemia i powiat wrzesiński na starej pocztówce, Września 2003, p. 39.
  • Ziemia wrzesińska : przeszłość i teraźniejszość, ed. J. Deresiewicz, Warszawa; Poznań 1978, passim.

Category: church

Architecture: Neo-Baroque

Building material:  brick

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_30_BK.168523, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_30_BK.142523