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Park in Mikolin - Zabytek.pl

Park in Mikolin


garden Mikolin

Address
Mikolin

Location
woj. opolskie, pow. brzeski, gm. Lewin Brzeski - obszar wiejski

Park in Mikolin

History of the structure

The park in Mikolin was established in the second half of the 18th century as a regular ornamental garden, which consisted of a treeless, flat parterre on the north-western side of the palace and further - on the axis of the residence - a small pond. As it can be assumed, the founder of the landscape park in Mikolin was Jan Fryderyk von Sauerma (Hanns Friedrich von Sauerma), born on 6 December 1699, who around 1771 built a Rococo manor house facing east. The manor house - according to the principle “entr courte et jardine” - was preceded by a symmetrically shaped parade and utility courtyard. In the back, however, there was an ornamental garden, accessed by stairs from the court hall on the ground floor of the building. On the axis of the residence there was a small pond.

Count Jan Fryderyk von Sauerma, a higher government advisor, the owner of Golczowice, Mikolin, Zawada, Niewolnik and Sławice died on 22 September 1779 and was buried in a late Baroque burial chapel in Mikolin. The Sauerma family owned the estate in 1783. In 1821 Henry von Beust bought it and soon after sold it to Aleksander Ballestrero di Castallengo. In the 1830s and 1840s, the baroque garden in Mikolin was extended to the north-west and transformed into a landscape park.

In 1862, the estate was owned by Count von Sierstorpff, and two years later by the Lanckoroński family. In 1876, the Mikolin estate was owned by Jan Urlich von Schaffgotsch, royal chamberlain of the court. On 30 September 1887, in accordance with the will of the Count Schaffgotsch, his daughter Elżbieta, Baroness von Kettelr, nee von Schaffgotsch, from the line of Skorogosk (descending from Kopice) became the owner of Mikolin. In the second half of the 19th century the park composition was supplemented by planting trees around the pond. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries part of the park was transformed and included in the Prussian flood protection system. In this form the park in Mikolin survived until the end of World War II.

Description of the structure

The park in Mikolin has an area of 3.86 ha (of which 0.32 ha is covered with water). In the record sheet of 1984, the park in Mikolin is described as a landscape park with romantic features, while J. Bogdanowski classifies it as a naturalistic-landscape park.

At the origin of the garden and landscape concept of the park lay the terrain on which the park was established. The location in the fork of the Odra River and its tributary the Nysa Kłodzka River was part of a fashionable trend in the second half of the 18th century to establish courtyard gardens integrated into natural forms, which could be parts of a composed garden. In the mid- 19th century, the garden was transformed into a landscape park, and a small breeding pond was included in the park’s conception, according to the fashion of the time - it had both utilitarian and compositional functions. Another element preserved to this day (and originally an extension of the palace-river fork axis) is the north-western elevation of the land in the form of a vast meadow, which was one of the basic elements of the layout of the complex. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, as part of flood control works, the elevation and the western border of the park were reshaped, and became part of the Prussian flood control system. It is worth mentioning that the trees from the period when the park was established and later transformed into a landscape park have not survived. A special feature of the park in Mikolin are yew tree plantings at the main entrance. The main species composition of the park’s undergrowth is: common hornbeam, field elm, common maple, ash and white locust tree. In the past the park was connected with the village landscape (at Zamkowa St.) by a row of common oaks visible on the map from 1884.

Visitor access: the site is accessible to visitors

Author: Joanna Banik, Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Opole, 26.04.2019

Bibliography

  • Bogdanowski J., Polskie ogrody ozdobne, Kraków 2000.
  • Chrzanowski T., Kornecki M., Sztuka Śląska Opolskiego, Kraków 1974.
  • Górak A., Stasz A., Konopka G., Rewaloryzacja zabytkowego parku w Mikolinie gm. Lewin Brzeski, dokumentacja projektowa, Opole 2006, [in:] resources of the Voivodeship Heritage Protection Office in Opole.
  • Katalog zabytków sztuki w Polsce, red. T. Chrzanowski, M. Kornecki, Warsaw 1961, vol. VII, z. 8 – powiat brzeski.
  • Maćkowiak M., Wrabec H., Maćkowiak J., Ewidencja zabytkowego parku w Mikolinie, gm. Lewin Brzeski, Wrocław 1984, [in:] resources of the Voivodeship Heritage Protection Office in Opole.
  • Natusiewicz-Mirer J., Studium historyczno-architektoniczne zespołu pałacowego w Mikolinie, PP PKZ Wrocław 1975, [in:] resources of the Voivodeship Heritage Protection Office in Opole.
  • Object file (including: opinions, permits, decisions, correspondence, green card, record sheets.) [in:] resources of the Voivodeship Heritage Protection Office in Opole.

Category: garden

Architecture: nieznana

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_16_ZZ.4878, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_16_ZZ.15599