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Hillfort - Zabytek.pl

Address
Chróścina

Location
woj. opolskie, pow. nyski, gm. Skoroszyce

This modern settlement is an example of the mixing of cultural influences and a heterogenous monument of the past.

Location and description

At the south-east edge of the park by a former land estate, upon a brook, opposite the intersection of Parkowa Str. and Róż Str., in the middle of the village, close to a modern housing estate.

The probable settlement is set up of a circular plan with a diameter of about 18 m at the base of the cone and about 3.5 m at the top. The height of the elevation is 3.2 m, the slopes of the mound are steep, the top of it is visibly concave. There is no trace of the moat or rampart nearby, only a several-meter-long hump made of brick and stone rubble.

History

Formerly, the site was described as an old mediaeval forts from the 14th or 15th century, yet the results of conducted surveys show that it goes back to no earlier than the turn of the 18th century.

Condition and results of archaeological research

The settlement was discovered during surface examinations in the interwar period. During the examination in 1958, pieces of mediaeval dishes and bricks were unearthed identified as the remains of a brick building, probably a watchtower.

However, the 1982 survey conducted by Andrzej Dwilewicz ruled out the earlier hypothesis of the defensive function of this site because it no brick or wooden structure was found, and the existing stratifications with the pottery material of different periods were added gradually over time. Therefore, the probable mediaeval fort was likely to have served as a view terrace in the park or formed an artificial “knights’ settlement.” Moreover, the examination failed to confirm the oral account concerning a sculpture sitting on the mound after 1945.

The site can be reached by a road; the mound is overgrown with trees, shrubs, and low-rising vegetation.

Compiled by dr Magdalena Przysiężna-Pizarska and Ewa Kalbarczyk-Klak, Regional Branch of the National Heritage Board of Poland in Opole, 17-11-2014.

Bibliography

  • Vug O., Schlesische Heidenschanzen ihre Erbauer und die Handelstrassen der Alten, 1890 Grottkau, s. 216-218; 
  • Hellmich M., Schlesische Wehranlagen [w:] Altschlesien, t. 3, 1930, s. 46; 
  • Kozłowska W., Wczesnośredniowieczne grody woj. opolskiego na tle warunków fizjograficzno- gospodarczych, [w:] Kwartalnik Opolski, 1956, t.1, poz.66;
  • Kaźmierczyk J., Macewicz K., Wuszkan S., Studia i materiały do osadnictwa Opolszczyzny wczesnośredniowiecznej, Opole 1977, s. 82-84;
  • Krawczyk M., Grody i zamki na Ziemi Nyskiej [w:] Nyskie Szkice Muzealne, Nysa 2010, s. 20;
  • Legut – Pintal M., Zamki księstwa nyskiego na tle przemian krajobrazu kulturowego w średniowieczu, Wrocław 2017, s. 118, s. 200 poz.1, ryc. 25 A-B;
  • Nowakowski D., Śląskie obiekty typu motte. Studium archeologiczno-historyczne, 2017, s. 282;
  • Archiwum Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Ochrony Zabytków w Opolu: 
    • teczka rejestru nr A-600/81; 
    • Karta Ewidencji Stanowiska Archeologicznego Chróścina nr 3, AZP 3/90-31; 
    • plan warstwicowy grodziska, nr inw. 128;
    • M. Legut - Pintal, Raport z analizy numerycznego modelu terenu Chróścina, Wrocław 2016;
    • teczka rejestru zabytków nieruchomych (park) t. I nr 49/81;
    • Park w Chróścinie Nyskiej, opr. zespół 1979 r., sygn. 2047, 2336 (1982 r.),;
    • Archiwum Muzeum Śląska Opolskiego w Opolu, teczka Falkenau;

Category: hillfort

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_A_16_AR.6052, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_16_AR.1101194