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Garden and park complex - Zabytek.pl

Garden and park complex


garden Before 1750 Bożków

Address
Bożków

Location
woj. dolnośląskie, pow. kłodzki, gm. Nowa Ruda

The garden and park complex in Bożków is one of the few Silesian examples of the concept of a Baroque terraced garden maintaining compositional links with the nearby palace being successfully carried over into the late 18th century and the second half of the 19th century being successfully carried over into the late 18th century and the second half of the 19th century.

Even today, the efforts of the landscape architects to maintain the stylistic unity of all the garden’s terraces are clearly apparent. The stonework balustrades present in the garden maintain an outstanding artistic value. The sentimental garden, established somewhere around the year 1800-1805, also has significant historical, research and artistic qualities, being one of the first designs of this kind anywhere in Silesia, with the garden in Bukowiec being one of its counterparts.

History

A Baroque garden complex is known to have accompanied the Bożków palace () as early as before the mid-18th century, consisting, among others, of a regular terraced garden. The southern part of the garden featured an embroidery parterre (parterre de broderie) and a decorative flight of steps leading up to the upper garden terrace, featuring a stone balustrade and a quartered garden. It was followed by an alley separating the two garden pavilions which flanked it. The garden was extended towards the east in 1787-1792 in order to establish compositional links with the enlarged palace. The section of the wall incorporating the stairs and the balustrade was extended accordingly. The old garden was merged seamlessly with the new one, whereas the northern part of the resulting garden complex being occupied by a quartered rose garden with a fountain, flanked by two garden pavilions – the older, western pavilion dating back to the Baroque period and the eastern pavilion, which was an almost identical copy thereof. Both pavilions were two-storey structures erected on a square floor plan, preceded by double stairs and covered with two-tier roofs, their walls adorned with painted decorations designed in the Neoclassicist style. Further to the north, a central orangery and two greenhouses were erected in the Late Baroque and Early Neoclassicism style, positioned on the axis of the rose garden. Later on, somewhere between the year 1800 and 1805, a small sentimental garden – an embodiment of the English garden theory – was created north of the aforementioned complex. A complex of watercourses with a number of cascades and a small pond and a labyrinth were also built. It was accompanied by a hermitage and an artificial, Gothic Revival ruin, the latter being located next to the pond and serving as a backdrop for a collection of antiquities amassed by countess Luiza, including 16 tombstones dating back to the 16th and 17th century. The display of antiquities was a way of glorifying the aristocratic culture and history of Poland. Further alterations in the garden and park complex in Bożków took place in the years 1858-1864 in the western part thereof, with E. Petzold being responsible for the oversight of the works performed, based on J. Kittel design. The new driveway leading up to the palace received an appropriate backdrop of greenery; a gate with Neoclassical pillars was built and a new formal garden was created, with the part of the road which served as the western boundary of the palace complex being transformed into an lane. After 1871, the older garden was redesigned in order to appear more natural. In 1884, the balustrade of the Baroque terraces underwent renovation works, while in 1895 two front terraces were added – the upper terrace with stairs and Baroque Revival balustrades and the lower terrace with a pool and fountain. The park was also transformed after 1911. Further alteration works were also performed inside the park after 1911. Gatekeeper’s lodges were erected near the gates leading into the complex (today, only one of them survives). 19th century figures of Francis a Paulo and St. Michael the Archangel was established. The eastern gate and the fence separating the park from the village were built in the early 1920s. Apart from the main garden and park complex, the palace was also accompanied by other areas dedicated to leisure. A Gothic Revival observation tower was erected on the tallest summit of the Włodzice Hills, south-west of Bożków – a place chosen due to the commanding view of the surrounding area. The tower, erected in 1801 at the initiative of countess Luiza, is currently in a state of ruin. Before 1824, a now-vanished hunting park was established, east of the palace complex. In 1847, a pheasantry was created in an area located west of Bożków; during the fourth quarter of the 19th century, a park was established in the surrounding area.

Description

The garden and park complex is located north of the palace. A decorative terraced garden is located ahead of the front façade of the palace, with the early 19th-century Romanticised sentimental garden located towards the north. West of the terraced garden lies the driveway and park section formed between 1858 and the period after 1871. Only the layout of the southern part of the formal garden remains discernible today, with vestiges of plantings, terrace retaining walls, stairs and balustrades being all that is left of its former glory. The northern part of the garden was taken up by a new school building the architecture of which follows no particular style. In the former Romanticised sentimental park located north of the garden, visitors can admire the remains of the watercourse system and the relics of an artificial ruin with a number of embedded tomb effigies dating back to the early modern period. The surviving layout of the western part of the park has been partially disrupted when a school playground with a running course were built there. The layout of some of the pathways leading across the park has been partially altered and obscured; however, much of the old trees that had once populated the park have survived, including small-leaved lime trees, horse-chestnuts, red oaks, ash trees, red maples and copper beeches. Some of the trees have attained the status of natural monuments; other species present in the park include pedunculate oaks, Weymouth pines and the copper variety of common beeches.

The site is accessible all year round.

Compiled by Iwona Rybka-Ceglecka, The Regional Branch of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in Wrocław, 26 August 2015.

Bibliography

  • Brzezicki S., Nielsen Ch., Grajewski G., Popp D. (ed.), Zabytki sztuki w Polsce. Śląsk (Art Monuments in Poland. Silesia), Wrocław 2006.
  • Konwiarz R., Alt Schlesien, Stuttgart 1913.
  • Kögler J., Historisch-topographische Beschreibung der [...] Herrschaft Eckersdorf..., “Vierteljahrschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde der Grafschaft Glatz”, Bd. III, 1883/4. III, 1883/4.
  • Irrgang W., Ein unvergeßlicher Barockpark: Schlos Eckersdorf “Rund um dem Annaberg. Allerei aus dem Neuroder Land”, Leimen/Heidelberg 1979.
  • State Archive in Wrocław, the Magnis Archive, Cartography

Category: garden

Architecture: nieznana

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_02_ZZ.22573, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_02_ZZ.3192