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Bobrowniki Castle - Zabytek.pl

Bobrowniki Castle


castle 14th/15th century Bobrowniki

Address
Bobrowniki

Location
woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. lipnowski, gm. Bobrowniki

An example of defensive architecture from the 14th and 15th centuries funded by the Dukes of Dobrzyń

History

The settlement in Bobrowniki was first mentioned in written sources in 1321. It is possible that there existed a wooden fortress there at the time. Around the mid-14th century, after Dobrzyń burned down during the Lithuanian invasion, the administrative centre of the Dobrzyń Land was transferred to Bobrowniki. It was in Bobrowniki that Władysław the Hunchback, Duke of Dobrzyń and the presumed first builder of the castle, issued his documents.

The castle in Bobrowniki was constructed in two stages at the turn of the 15th century. At the first stage, the main castle was constructed, and at the second stage, the complex was surrounded with an external peripheral wall and a foregate was added.

In 1358, 1364  and 1365, Bobrowniki Castle was visited by King Casimir the Great. At the time, the fortress also served as a customs house along the route to Toruń. After the death of King Casimir the Great, Bobrowniki Castle was the seat of the subsequent feudal lords of the Dobrzyń Land. In 1391, as a result of a conflict between the last of them, Duke Vladislaus of Opole, and King Władysław II Jagiełło, it was unsuccessfully besieged by the Polish army. In the years 1392–1405, it was under the rule of the Teutonic Order, which seized the castle once again in 1409 (captured by the Teutonic Knights led by Ulrich von Jungingen). Bobrowniki Castle returned to Poland in 1410, likely after the Battle of Grunwald. The castle was extended during the reign of King Władysław Jagiełło, who visited it at least three times. From that time onwards, the fortress served as the seat of the royal governor. During the Thirteen Years’ War, it was used as a prison for high-ranking Teutonic officials. In the 16th century, the main residential building underwent alteration works. In the 17th century, despite the investments and renovations,t he building continued to deteriorate. Burned down during the Deluge, Bobrowniki Castle gradually fell into ruin, which was further exacerbated by flooding from the Vistula river. By the 18th century, it was no longer fit for residential and storage purposes. From then onwards, it was used as a source of building material (used, among other things, to erect the church in Bobrowniki). In the 19th century, the castle in Bobrowniki was already the picturesque ruin it is today. Circa mid-19th century, a tavern was built on the ruins, which continued to exist until the 1920s. In the years 1976-1984, archaeological surveys were carried out on the site of Bobrowniki Castle.

Description

The castle is situated on the right bank of the Vistula river, roughly 350 m west of Bobrowniki. Originally, it was located by the river, but when a distributary of the river was created as a result of changes to the river bed, the fortress found itself on an island. In the 1980s, after the distributary was filled with earth, the building once again found itself on the bank of the Vistula river. The castle has a square floor plan. The complex comprised the following structures connected by peripheral walls: a three-storey main residential building (in the west wing), which is the oldest part of the complex, a tower gatehouse (in the south wing) and a main tower (at the junction between the north and west wings) together with an added building. The main castle was surrounded by external peripheral walls (which might have featured towers in the corners).

The surviving elements include remnants of the peripheral walls, buildings and the main tower.

The site is open to visitors.

Prepared by Adam Paczuski, National Heritage Board of Poland, Regional Branch in Toruń 25-10-2017

Bibliography

  • Kajzer L., Horonziak A.: Budownictwo obronne ziemi dobrzyńskiej, Włocławek 1995
  • Kajzer L., Kołodziejski S., Salm J.: Leksykon zamków w Polsce, Warszawa 2002
  • Olszacki T.: O trzech zamkach ziemi dobrzyńskiej w piętnaście lat później [in:] Rocznik Muzeum Ziemi Dobrzyńskiej w Rypinie, Vol. II, Rypin 2011
  • www.bobrownikinadwisla.pl (prepared by Buller W.)

Category: castle

Architecture: nieznana

Building material:  brick

Protection: Register of monuments, Monuments records

Inspire id: PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_N_04_BK.126776, PL.1.9.ZIPOZ.NID_E_04_BK.242714